WORK OUT EVERY QUESTION KINDLY (a) What is the difference between…

Question Answered step-by-step WORK OUT EVERY QUESTION KINDLY (a) What is the difference between… WORK OUT EVERY QUESTION KINDLY(a) What is the difference between routing and forwarding? [2 marks](b) Routing algorithms can be either link-state or distance-vector. Define these twoterms and explain the trade-offs between them. [6 marks](c) You are required to design a topology discovery protocol for a network ofswitching nodes interconnected by links. There are n nodes, l links, themaximum degree of any node is k and there is a path between any two nodes ofnot more than d hops. All links are bi-directional.Each node has a unique identifier of four bytes which it knows.(i) Describe a protocol for a node to learn about its immediate neighbours.You should specify the format of your messages and the size of any messagefields. [4 marks](ii) Using the characteristics of the network described above, design a protocolfor distributing this information across the network. You should specifythe format of your messages and the size of any message fieldsThis question relates to binary constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). A CSP hasa set X = {x1, . . . , xn} of variables, each having a domain Di = {v1, . . . , vni} ofvalues. In addition, a CSP has a set C = {C1, . . . , Cm} of constraints, each relatingto a subset of X and specifying the allowable combinations of assignments to thevariables in that subset.(a) Give a general definition of a solution to a CSP. [1 mark](b) Given a binary CSP, define what it means for a directed arc xi ? xj betweenvariables xi and xj to be arc consistent. [2 marks](c) Give an example of how a directed arc xi ? xj can fail to be arc consistent.Explain how this can be fixed. [2 marks](d) Describe the AC-3 algorithm for enforcing arc consistency. [5 marks](e) Prove that the time complexity of the AC-3 algorithm is O(n2d3) where d is thesize of the largest domain. [3 marks](f ) Suggest a way in which the concept of arc consistency, also known as2-consistency can be extended to sets of three, rather than two variables. In theremainder of the question we will refer to this as 3-consistency. [1 mark](g) Give an example of how a set of three variables might fail to be 3-consistent,and show how 3-consistency might then be imposed. [2 marks](h) Suggest a modified version of the AC-3 algorithm that can be used to enforce3-consistency. Given a sequence of points (Vi)ni=0 on a plane, consider the problem of interpolatinga smooth curve through all of the points in order by constructing a sequence ofpolynomial parametric functions, one for each interval [Vi, Vi+1]n?1i=0 .(a) What is meant by Ck continuity at the junction between two curve segments?[2 marks](b) Explain how the degree of the polynomial function for a curve segment constrainsthe continuity at its two ends. What continuity can be achieved at each end ofa cubic segment? [4 marks](c) Derive a cubic parametric function for the interval [Vi, Vi+1] where 0 < i < n?1.[10 marks](d) What special provision would have to be made for the segments [V0, V1] and[Vn?1, Vn]?Given a model of a scene represented as a set of triangles in three-dimensional spacedefining its surfaces, consider the problem of rendering it on a raster display. Writebrief notes on:(a) the data that would be stored for each triangle; [2 marks](b) perspective projection from an arbitrary viewpoint; [5 marks](c) clipping the data to a suitable viewing frustrum; [5 marks](d) identifying pixels on the screen within a triangle; [3 marks](e) resolving hidden surfaces using a z -bufferSuppose that an Entity-Relationship model has been constructed that contains twoentities S(A, B) and T(C, Amount), where A, B, C and Amount are attributes andthe underline indicates a key. Suppose that we also have a many-to-many relationshipR between S and T.We might expect that this model would be implemented in a relational schema suchas S(A, B), T(C, Amount), and R(A, C). However, the database implementor hasnoticed that a very common and expensive query is this: given an A-value a, find thesum of all Amount values for records in T related to this a value in S. Therefore,the implementor has decided to "optimise" the database and replace table S with S0having schemaS0(A, B, Sum),where the records in table S0 will contain the precomputed values for this query. Inthis way the common and expensive query can be answered by a single key-basedread. (Note: Sum should be 0 if no matching records exist.)(a) Explain how the operation insert (a, b) into S can be correctly implemented inthe {S0, R, T} database. [4 marks](b) Explain how the operation insert (c, v) into T can be correctly implemented inthe {S0, R, T} database. [4 marks](c) Explain how the operation insert (a, c) into R can be correctly implemented inthe {S0, R, T} database. [4 marks](d) For an OLTP database, discuss the performance implications of this so-calledoptimisation. [4 marks](e) This example illustrates a fundamental trade-off in the design and implementation of database applications. Discuss. [4 marks]6CST.2014.4.76 Databases(a) We are given a relational schema R(A, B, C, D, E) and told that the followingtable represents a legal instance of R.A B C D E tuple number1 2 5 4 3 (#1)1 4 5 4 4 (#2)2 4 5 4 5 (#3)2 5 5 4 3 (#4)Which of the following sets of functional dependencies may hold in R? If a setof dependencies cannot hold, then explain why. You can refer to tuple numbersin your explanation.(i) F1 is the set {A ? D}. [2 marks](ii) F2 is the setA, B ? CE ? BD, E ? A[2 marks](iii) F3 is the setA, B ? CD, E ? CA ? D[4 marks](b) We are given a relational schema R(Z, W, Y). Suppose that in some (correct)instance of R the query(?Z,W(R) ? ?Z,Y(R)) ? Ris not empty. What can we conclude about the functional dependency Z ? W?Explain your answer. [4 marks](c) In the process of using functional dependencies to normalise a schema, whatis meant by a lossless join decomposition and how is such a decompositionguaranteed? [4 marks](d) In schema normalisation, is Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) always to bepreferred over 3rd Normal Form (3NF)? Explain your answer. : Write  program to read a string and display its length (number of characters).in c+: Write  program to read a letter and indicate whether the letter is 'a' or not.programing language is VB8write  program to read in a string from the keyboard and display the whole string backward(a) Describe the provisions of the Data Protection Act. [8 marks](b) You are designing and are about to launch a mobile phone app which will seekto understand the emotional condition of the user, using multiple inputs such asmotion sensing, facial expression recognition, voice stress measurement and theanalysis of entered text. Its declared purpose is to enable services to interactmore empathically with users. You propose to monetize it by serving ads attimes when the user is more likely to buy. Your "backers" have raised a concernthat this app will be able to diagnose depression, and that in consequence youmay be storing substantial amounts of sensitive personal information.Discuss this problem from the viewpoints of both data protection law and ethics.  WORK OUT EVERY QUESTION KINDLY Computer Science Engineering & Technology Object-Oriented Programming CS 222 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)