Which of these four approaches (Grammar Translation, Direct Method,…

Question Answered step-by-step Which of these four approaches (Grammar Translation, Direct Method,… Which of these four approaches (Grammar Translation, Direct Method, Audio Lingual Method, Communicative Language Teaching) do you think are grammatically oriented (i.e., grammatical patterns and accuracy are the main focus of the lesson? Elaborate on your answer. Grammar Translation As with many other methods and approaches, Grammar Translation tended to be referred to in the past tense as if it no longer existed and had died out to be replaced world-wide by the fun and motivation of the communicative classroom. If we examine the principal features of Grammar Translation, however, we will see that not only has it not disappeared but that many of its characteristics have been central to language teaching throughout the ages and are still valid today.The Grammar Translation method embraces a wide range of approaches but, broadly speaking, foreign language study is seen as a mental discipline, the goal of which may be to read literature in its original form or simply to be a form of intellectual development. The basic approach is to analyze and study the grammatical rules of the language, usually in an order roughly matching the traditional order of the grammar of Latin, and then to practise manipulating grammatical structures through the means of translation both into and from the mother tongue.The method is very much based on the written word and texts are widely in evidence. A typical approach would be to present the rules of a particular item of grammar, illustrate its use by including the item several times in a text, and practise using the item through writing sentences and translating it into the mother tongue. The text is often accompanied by a vocabulary list consisting of new lexical items used in the text together with the mother tongue translation. Accurate use of language items is central to this approach.  Direct MethodLanguage can be learnt only through demonstration. Instead of analytical procedures of explaining grammar rules, students must be encourage to use language naturally and spontaneously so that they induce grammar. Classroom instruction is conducted exclusively in the target language. The teacher should demonstrate, not explain or translate.• NEVER TRANSLATE:• DEMONSTRATE.  Audio Lingual MethodThe Audio-lingual Method was widely used in the 1950s and 1960s, and the emphasis was not on the understanding of words, but rather on the acquisition of structures and patterns in common everyday dialogue.These patterns are elicited, repeated and tested until the responses given by the student in the foreign language are automatic.Some characteristics of this method are:Drills are used to teach structural patternsSet phrases are memorised with a focus on intonationGrammatical explanations are kept to a minimumVocabulary is taught in contextAudio-visual aids are usedFocus is on pronunciationCorrect responses are positively reinforced immediately.Communicative Language TeachingAn effective knowledge of a language is more than merely knowing vocabulary and rules of grammar and pronunciation. Learners need to be able to use the language appropriately in any social context.Theorists agree that meaningful communication supports language learning and that classroom activities must focus on the learner’s authentic needs to communicate information and ideas. Grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary are, of course, necessary parts of effective communication. With the communicative method, two primary approaches may be taken:1-Some teachers prefer to teach a rule, then follow it with practice.2-Most, though, feel grammar will be naturally discovered through meaningful communicative interaction. Communicative ApproachLanguage learning is learning to communicate using the target language.The language used to communicate must be appropriate to the situation, the roles of the speakers, the setting and the register. The learner needs to differentiate between a formal and an informal style.Communicative activities are essential. Activities should be presented in a situation or context and have a communicative purpose. Typical activities of this approach are: games, problem-solving tasks, and role-play. There should be information gap, choice and feedback involved in the activities.Learners must have constant interaction with and exposure to the target language.Development of the four macroskills — speaking, listening, reading and writing — is integrated from the beginning, since communication integrates the different skills.The topics are selected and graded regarding age, needs, level, and students’ interest.Motivation is central. Teachers should raise students’ interest from the beginning of the lesson.The role of the teacher is that of a guide, a facilitator or an instructor.Trial and error is considered part of the learning process.Evaluation concerns not only the learners’ accuracy but also their fluency. Arts & Humanities Writing EDUCATION 540 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)