What are the 4 relevant criteria for IRB approval? State and…

/in /by

Question Answered step-by-step What are the 4 relevant criteria for IRB approval? State and… What are the 4 relevant criteria for IRB approval?  State and explain 4 essential elements of informed consent.  Explain why it is necessary to use survival analysis techniques to estimate a measure of association in a case-cohort study.  Discuss “built-in-bias” and explain how it affects the relationship between the odds ratio and the relative risk.  Define “attributable risk” and explain the interpretation of this measure of association.  Explain the “rarity assumption” and why it is necessary to estimate the relative risk in case control studies.  Discuss one (analytical) advantage of using a case-cohort approach to measure an association. Math Statistics and Probability Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)

You might also like
QuestionAnswered step-by-step 1. Anxiety is common among clients who are diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of the following interventions can assist in reducing anxiety? (Select all that apply.)A. Plan out periods of rest throughout the day.B. Relaxation techniques.C. Starting a vigorous exercise routineD. Written plan for dealing with anxietyE. Professional counseling2. A client with chronic bronchitis often shows signs of hypoxia. Which of the following is the priority to monitor for in this client?A. Nutritional statusB. Clubbing of fingers C. Barrel chestD. Large amount of thick mucus3. The nurse is caring for a client who was recently diagnosed with asthma and is providing education on triggers of asthma. Which of the following can potentially trigger the disease process? (Select all that apply.)A. ExerciseB. Animal danderC. PollutionD. Cigarette smokingE. Dust4. A nurse is caring for a client who recently underwent a laryngectomy for a neck cancer. Which of the following multidimensional nursing strategies would be appropriate for the post-operative care of this client? (Select all that apply.)A. Aerobic exerciseB. Stress reductionC. Diet modificationD. Pain managementE. Alternative means of communication5. A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage emphysema. Which of the following would be an expected finding?A. Decreased CO2B. Increased pHC. Decreased pHD. Increased PO26. The nurse is assessing a client admitted with status asthmaticus. Initially, the nurse heard wheezes in the lungs, but now the lung sounds are inaudible. What is the priority intervention?A. Activation of the rapid response team to secure an airwayB. Education to prevent future exacerbationsC. Administration of a long-acting bronchodilatorD. Measure to reduce anxiety.7. The nurse is caring for a 60-year-old female client who presented to the emergency room status- post motor vehicle accident. The client was an unrestricted passenger who hit the windshield, and she has multiple facial lacerations. Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for this client?A. Prepare the client for testingB. Maintain a patent airwayC. Draw labsD. Pain management8. A nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to assess in this client? (Select all that apply.)A. Barrel chestB. Clubbing of the fingersC. BradycardiaD. Dyspnea9. The nurse is caring for a client who has recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following is a treatment option for this order?A. Chest physiotherapyB. Weight reductionC. Pain managementD. Tracheostomy 10. Which of the following is a major diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis?A. Arterial blood gasB. CT scan of the chestC. Chest x-rayD. Sweat chloride test11. A client has been taking ethambutol for 3 weeks. What information gathered by the public health nurse need to be reported to the healthcare provider immediately?A. Client was recently started on varenicline to quit smoking.B. Client has been taking ethambutol daily as prescribed.C. Client smokes 1.5 packs of cigarettes per dayD. Client reports new onset of blurry vision12. A client has a positive Mantoux skin test result. What explanation does the nurse give to the client?A. "There is active disease, but you are not infectious to others."B. "There is active disease, and you need immediate treatment."C. "Your immune system has been in contact with tuberculosis at some point."D.13. A nurse is preparing to administer dextromethorphan 30mg PO now. The amount available is dextromethorphan oral liquid 7.5 mg/5mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (record your answer as a whole number. Do not use a trailing zero.)2014. The nurse knows which one of the following is the purpose of a fluticasone inhaler for a client with asthma?A. Acts as bronchodilator in severe episodes.B. Reduces obstruction of airways by decreasing inflammation.C. Reduces the histamine effect of the triggering agent.D. Relaxes smooth muscles of the airway.15. In planning care for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the nurse acknowledges which statement is true regarding nutritional needs?A. COPD has no effect on calorie and protein needs, meal intolerance, appetite, and weightB. COPD can increase metabolism and the patient should consume supplements for additional calories and proteinC. Patient with COPD should decrease intake of calorie and protein as dyspnea causes activity intoleranceD. COPD can cause an anabolic state, which creates conditions for building body strength and muscle mass 16. A nurse is caring for a 56-year-old male client recently diagnosed with neck cancer. Which of the following assessment findings is most consistent with this diagnosis?A. Voice changesB. Weight gainC. Nasal congestionD. Dizziness17. The nurse is providing education to a client who is prescribed a long-acting beta-agonist medication. Which statement by the client indicates the client understands the teaching?A. "I will carry this medication with me at all times in case I need it."B. "I will only take this medication when admitted to the hospital."C. "I will take this medication when I start to experience an asthma attack."D. "I will take this medication every morning to help prevent an asthma attack."18. 19. plan to assess first?A. Hospice client with end-stage pulmonary fibrosis and an oxygen saturation level of 89%B. Client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is ready for discharge but is unable to afford prescribed medications.C. Client with lung cancer who needs an IV antibiotic administered before going to surgery.D. Client with cystic fibrosis (CF) who has an elevated temperature and a newly increased respiratory rate of 38 breaths/min.20. The nurse is teaching a client about post-rhinoplasty care. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the instructions?A. "I should remain supine if possible."B. "I should take over the counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain."C. "I should take a stool softener so I don't strain during bowel movements."D.21. A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of the following would be a treatment priority for this client?A. Improve gas exchangeB. Blood pressure controlC. Prevention of infectionD. Increase activity level22. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding about radiation therapy for a neck cancer?A. "My throat is not directly affected by radiation."B. "Radiation causes excessive saliva production."C. "There are no side effects other than a hoarse voice."D. "My voice may initially be hoarse but should improve over time."23. Which of the following is a common problem associated with cystic fibrosis in adults?A. OsteoporosisC. HypertensionC. AsthmaD. Obesity24. Which intervention promotes comfort in dyspnea management for a client with lung cancer?A. Encourage exercise and independent ambulation around the roomB. Provide supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula or mask.C. Place client in supine position with a pillow under the knees and legsD. Administer morphine only when the client requests it.25. A 84-year-old adult client is diagnosed with rhinosinusitis. The is reviewing the patient's medication history and is asking about any over the counter medications he is using to treat his symptoms. The nurse understands that which of the following medications may be inappropriate for a geriatric patient?A. AntihistamineB. AntipyreticC. AnalgesicD. Nasal Spray26. The nurse teaches a client with asthma to monitor for which problem while exercising?A. Increased peak respiratory flow rates.B. Muscles fatigueC. Swelling in the feet and ankles.D. Wheezing from bronchospasm27. The nurse is assessing a client who reports being struck in the face and head several times. During the assessment, the nurse observes pink-tinged drainage from the client's nares. What nursing action provides relevant assessment data?A. Place a drop of the drainage on filter paper and observe for a yellow ring.B. Have the client gently blow their nose and observe for bloody mucus.C. Ask the client to describe the appearance of the face before the injury.D. Test the drainage with a reagent to check the pH.28. A client presents with signs and symptoms that are often associated with lung cancer. Which clinical manifestations does the nurse expect to observe in this client?A. Wheezing, clubbing of the nails, cyanosis, and dyspnea.B. Fever, fatigue, dyspnea, and peripheral edemaC. Abdominal distention, steatorrhea, and dyspneaD. Hemoptysis, hoarseness, cough and shortness of breath.29. A nurse is providing education to a client recently diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension. What is the goal of drug therapy for this client?A. Maintain and manage pulmonary exacerbationB. Decrease pain and make the client comfortableC. Improve or maintain gas exchangeD. Dilate pulmonary vessels and prevent clot formation30. 31. A nurse is preparing to administer 750 mg of ceftriaxone IM stat. Available is ceftriaxone 1 gram /5 mL How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Record your answer to the nearest hundredth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero. Answer numerically only, do not label)3.7532. A nurse is caring for client with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following are common assessment findings for a client with this disorder? (Select all that apply.)A. Foul-smelling, pale stool with high fat contentB. Cough with sputum productionC.  Weight gainD. HyperglycemiaE. Epistaxis33. A nurse is preparing to administer hydromorphone 2.5mg PO now. Available is hydromorphone 5mg/5mL elixir. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round off the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero. Answer numerically only, do not label.2.534. A client presented to the emergency room with difficulty in breathing. Upon examination, the client has a pus behind the tonsils and swelling on the right side of her neck. She is diagnosed with a peritonsillar abscess. Which of the following is a treatment priority for this client?A. Oxygen therapyB. AnalgesicsC. AntibioticsD. Maintain a patent airway35. A client with a recent diagnosis of sinus cancer states that he wants another cause of antibiotics because he believes he has another sinus infection. What is the nurse's best response?A. "Why are you doubting your doctor's diagnosis?"B. "Let me bring you a brochure about sinus cancer."C. "I will tell the physician to an order for the antibiotic."D. "Tell me more about your understanding of sinus cancer symptoms."36. A client with a suspected tuberculosis (TB) is admitted to the hospital. Along with a private room, which of the following is appropriate related to isolation procedures?A. Respiratory isolation with surgical masks until diagnosis is confirmed.B. Airborne precautions with a negative airflow roomC. Respiratory isolation and contact isolation for sputum only.D. No respiratory isolation necessary until diagnosis is confirmed.37. The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client diagnosed with pneumonia. Which information is the nurse sure to include?A. Take antibiotics as ordered, resume diet and all activities as before hospitalization.B. Complete antibiotics as prescribed, rest, drink fluids, and minimize contact with crowds.C. Continue antibiotics only until no further signs of pneumonia are present; avoid exposing immunosuppressed individuals.D. No restrictions regarding activities, diet, and rest because the client is fully recovered when discharged. 38. A nursing student is teaching a client about their new diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis. The student would include which of the following in their teaching?A. This is incurable, autosomal recessive genetic disease that affects many organsB.  A sputum culture may show the presence of mycobacteriumC. Inflammation of the mucous membranes in the airways can trigger an attackD. Most clients have progressive disease with a life expectancy of less than 5 years39. A nurse is teaching a 78-year-old client about the importance of pneumonia vaccination. Which statement by the client indicates the understanding of the teaching?A. "Only the flu vaccination is recommended at my age."B. "After my first pneumonia vaccine I will need a second vaccine about a year later"C. "I only need pneumonia vaccination upon admission to a nursing home."D. "I've already had pneumonia, so I only need one vaccination."40. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client recently diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). Which statement(s) by the client indicate correct understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)A. "I need to strictly adhere to my medication schedule."B. "My family does not require testing."C. "I will avoid alcoholic beverages while on this treatment plan."D. "I will follow up with my healthcare providers regularly."E. "I will visit the clinic every week for injection of medication."41. "Did you know that I have throat cancer and may not survive?" What is the appropriate nursing response? A. "What concerns do you have about your diagnosis?"B. "Are having difficulty swallowing?"C. "Have you told your family yet?"D. "I am sure that we can cure you as long as you follow the doctor's directions."42. Which statement from a client with seasonal influenza requires additional teaching?A. "I can be diagnosed on presentation of symptoms."B. "I can reduce my risk by implementing good hand hygiene."C. "I should receive a new influenza vaccine every year."D. "I'm contagious only when symptoms are present."43. A nurse is providing education to a client recently diagnosed with sleep apnea. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?A. "I should contact the provider for a prescription for sleep medication."B. "I may be at risk for developing diabetes or hypertension"C. "I should start treatment only if my snoring impacts my partner."D. "Sleep apnea only has an impact on my mental conception."44. During an admission assessment, the client tells the nurse that she was recently prescribed a new medication called montelukast, but she forget to pick it up at the pharmacy. What is the best response by the nurse to assess the client's understanding of the montelukast? A. "Have you been having more problems with your asthma recently?"B. "Don't you know montelukast would have prevented you from coming to hospital?"C. "Why didn't you remember to get the prescription filled?"D. "Don't worry about it, you probably have been busy?"45.A client is being discharged on long-term therapy for tuberculosis (TB). What referral by the nurse is most appropriate? A. Occupational therapy for job training.B. Community social worker for Meals on Wheels.C. Visiting public health nurses for directly observed therapy.D. Physical therapy for homebound therapy services.46. A nurse is caring for several older clients in the hospital that the nurse identifies as being at high risk for healthcare-associated pneumonia. To reduce this risk, what activity should the nurse delegate to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?A. Assess lung sounds frequently.B. Provide oral care every 4 hoursC. Monitor temperature every 4 hoursD. Encourage between-meal snacks47. The nurse knows that which of the following test(s) is needed to confirm a tuberculosis diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)A. QuantiFERON gold testB. Chest x-rayC. Mantoux skin testD. Complete blood countE. Sweat chloride test48. The nurse is performing medication teaching for a client with chronic airflow limitation. What  is the correct sequence for administering inhaled medications?       A. Bronchodilator she be taken at least 5 minutes before other inhaled drugs.B. Bronchodilator should be taken 5 to 10 minutes after the steroid.C.  Bronchodilator and steroid are two different classes of drugs, so the sequence is irrelevant.D.  Bronchodilator should be taken immediately after the steroid.49. A 47-year-old male client presented to the emergency room with complaints of nasal and facial pain and bloody discharge. He states the symptoms started approximately three months ago and have gotten progressively worse. He states that it feels like his nose is blocked up all the time. Based on these symptoms, which of the following diagnostic tests would the nurse expect the provider to order?A. Tumor mappingB. Complete blood countC. CT Scan of the faceD. Liver function test50.A nurse admits a client from the emergency department with the new onset of dyspnea and productive cough with suspected pneumonia. The client has oxygen saturation of 96% on 2L of O2 via nasal cannula and crackles in bilateral lung bases. Oral temperature 98.9 degrees F, heart rate 103 beats per minute, and respiratory rate 18 breaths per minute. The provider enters the following orders, which will the nurse perform first?A. Administer broad-spectrum antibiotic through IVB. Collect blood sample for complete blood count C. Administer PO antipyretic for temperature over 101 degrees Fahrenheit.D. Collect sputum sample for cultureHealth ScienceScienceNursingShare Question
what is the the conditions and procedures of brief functional...
You are working in the MD now clinic when a mother brings in her...
Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Examine at least two challenges...
I need a Intervention PICO question for adults with ADHD and use of stimulants.  
Describe an example of a place in the body where concentration...
Does a study have to be statistically and clinically significant to be considered acceptable?
QUESTION 3 Aglomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than __________ (fill in a value) is considered to be kidney failure, whereas greater or equal...