Use these three journals provided to comment on and reply to the…

Question Answered step-by-step Use these three journals provided to comment on and reply to the… Use these three journals provided to comment on and reply to the essay below.1. Humanitarian Outcomes, Stoddard, A., Haver, K., & Czwarno, M. (2016). NGOs and risk. How international humanitarian actors manage uncertainty (InterAction. A united voice for a global change) [Report]. Interaction.org. https://www.interaction.org/blog/ngos-and-risk-how-international-humanitarian-actors-manage-uncertainty-2/2. Kurtzer, J. (n.d.). Nevermore necessary: Overcoming humanitarian access challenges. Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS). https://www.csis.org/features/never-more-necessary-overcoming-humanitarian-access-challenges3. The Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, & International Health Division. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs). U.S. Department of Defense. (2009). Guide to nongovernmental organizations for the military (L. Lawry MD, MSPH, MSc. & G. Frandsen, Eds.; Guide). https://irp.fas.org/doddir/dod/ngo-guide.pdf   Working with nonprofit or humanitarian organizations implies a high risk beforehand. The work-related risk of those agencies is understood since their work is to assist vulnerable people in the event of a humanitarian crisis (Sarazen, 2020). The health of employees and volunteers of humanitarian health must be prioritized for the mission’s success (Guisolan et al., 2022). The continuity of humanitarian aid must be questioned under certain circumstances to protect their workforce.Risk assessment tools can provide humanitarian organizations with vital information to determine the level of the risk and when to halt missions (Guidero, 2021; Sarazen, 2020). Unless absolutely necessary, death-threatening events, like active bombing, will determine the evacuation of personnel (Guidero, 2021). Based on Doctors without border, humanitarian aid could be denied when there is an intention of political, military, or financial manipulation (Medecins Sans Frontieres, 2000). Sometimes the aid is delayed due to bureaucracy or because the target population is under attack (Kurtzer, n.d.). The level of risk accepted depends on the organization (Guidero, 2021) and determines the “threshold of acceptable risk” (European Interagency Security Forum, 2010, p. 9). The threshold represents a line when the humanitarian aid is no longer supported because of the failure of mitigation actions to contain the risks (European Interagency Security Forum, 2010).Limiting or ending humanitarian aid can carry devastating consequences for the affected populations. In Yemen, the international efforts to control COVID-19 have been impeded by Yemenite political and military factions (Human Rights Watch, 2020). The humanitarian crisis that civilians were suffering from cholera, famine, and malnutrition is now aggravated by the inadequate response of the local authorities to COVID-19 due to a lack of resources, social stigma, and prohibition of humanitarian intervention (Human Rights Watch, 2020). The intervention of international humanitarian organizations is an excellent opportunity for developing countries to get assistance during public health crises. Its limitation or prohibition could be detrimental to the wellbeing of the affected population.Humanitarian personnel work under dangerous conditions and need protection. International organizations have protocols to protect humanitarian aid (United Nations [U.N.], n.d.). Protection is provided in many ways to decrease the exposure of personnel to direct threats. First, the organization needs to ensure that the designated vulnerable community accepts the assistance. Second, personnel needs to be safely placed. And third, the mission will be suspended in the case of insecurity (Eggelston & McDougall, 2010). Organizations need to provide their workforce with the necessary protection for the mission’s success.Any employee should receive protection regardless of the employer. The obligations of nonprofit organizations do not differ from those of the private sector, including organizations providing humanitarian assistance (Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA], n.d.-a). Under the William – Steiger Act of 1970, every employer is responsible for the safety of their employees and must undergo inspections by the Department of Labor to identify and correct any violations (Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA], n.d.-b). Nonprofit organizations and the private sector are equally responsible for providing protection to their employees and are regulated by the United States Department of Labor. The primary focus after a severe safety incident should be communication. Timely reporting aims to notify other staff about possible changes to activities or the goals when there is a change in environmental safety for personnel (The Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine [CDHAM] et al., 2009). Serious safety incidents can include civil or military events, including intentional attacks or accidents. When reporting these events, a standard set of information should be reported to all concerned parties, including the individuals involved, and a summary of the event (CDHAM et al., 2009).   Communication and factual, timely reporting are critical to record details about the incident and prevent any further injury or loss of life. It allows planning and goals to change to adequately prepare staff to continue to fulfill an organization’s mission without taking undue risk.The humanitarian personnel requires protection under any circumstances. Communication is key regarding the safety and security of this force. The guide to nongovernmental organizations for the military (2009) outlines that to avoid conflicts with local authorities, most organizations use non-encrypted devices, so the conversations may be monitored if needed. That information may be used by either party of the conflict (pp. 169-180). Communication is essential for the safety of the humanitarian staff and should be a priority for any organization providing humanitarian assistance.Humanitarian organizations need to protect their staff in the field. A risk assessment provides risks identification and stratification to make a plan that best suits the situation. Mitigation of the threat is sometimes enough. In other instances the solution is to suspend of the mission to protect their personnel. Like any other employer, nonprofit organizations have the responsibility to protect employees and are under the scope of the United States regulatory bodies. Communication is essential for personnel safety and becomes crucial to notify a severe event and implement a mitigation plan promptly. The protection of human resources is a priority for humanitarian organizations to succeed with their mission. Arts & Humanities Communications Public Relations ENS 106 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)