UCB Economic Whale Entanglement Reduction Program Worksheet

Description

Learning Goal: I’m working on a economics question and need support to help me learn.Download Excel spreadsheet with crab – whale survey data.Read instruction sheet carefully.Complete all activities in your own Excel file and upload to corresponding iLearn assignment tool below.Use the CV report file to report your results and tests.Upload your CV report document to the corresponding iLearn assignment tool.You may work with others but the uploaded files must be your own work.For activity 1, response tables, the structure of the tables should be something like this:

4 attachmentsSlide 1 of 4attachment_1attachment_1attachment_2attachment_2attachment_3attachment_3attachment_4attachment_4.slider-slide > img { width: 100%; display: block; }
.slider-slide > img:focus { margin: auto; }

Unformatted Attachment Preview

Instructions
READ CAREFULLY
Activity 1: create tables for follow up responses
Go to the tab “Responses-debrief tables” and tabulate the follow-up responses of PROTEST, WHY and WHYMAX.
To fill in response table, you will have to search and aggregate over PROTEST1-3, WHY1-3 AND WHYMAX1-3 to count each in
Activity 2: No protest database
Copy/paste full dataset to “Data-no protests” here and eliminate entire row any observation where PROTEST1, PROTEST2, or
Activity 3: Descriptive Statistics
Using the new “no-protest” dataset you created in Activity 2, generate descriptive statistics for AGE, GENDER, RACE/ETHNICIT
Complete the table by filling in requested statistics for highlighted yellow boxes.
Activity 4: WTP estimates
On the “WTP responses” tab, calculate indicated WTP statistics for full dataset, full datset with no protest responses (from Ac
We will conduct hypothesis testing in next assignment
Helpful Excel commands:
Count tells you number cells with a numerical value in them. Say you want the count in column D where the data exists.
Write in a cell below the data “=count(D2:D64)” but without quotation marks. D2:D64 gives the range. After you hit “enter”
Average: “=average(d2:d64)”
Sum: “=sum(d2:d64)”
Countif is like “count” but conditional on some modifier. For example, let’s say you want the number of responses with “3” i
You would write somewhere out in the spreadsheet “=countif(Q2:Q64,3)”.
Text or letters must be put in quotes
More info: https://exceljet.net/excel-functions/excel-countif-function
Find others by looking up on web or in Excel
ith no protest responses (from Activty 2), then version 1 and 2 no-protest datasets.
he number of responses with “3” in column Q data, which goes from row 2 to row 64.
interview code
and1
and2
and3
and4
and5
and6
boy1
boy2
boy3
boy4
boy5
boy6
ebe1
ebe2
ebe3
ebe4
ebe5
ebe6
hen1
hen2
hen3
hen4
hen5
hen6
her1
her2
her3
her4
her5
her6
kal1
kal2
kal3
kal4
kal5
kal6
kir1
kir2
kir3
kir4
kir5
kir6
mor1
mor2
mor3
mor4
date
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
19-Apr
20-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
19-Apr
20-Apr
20-Apr
20-Apr
20-Apr
20-Apr
20-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
17-Apr
17-Apr
17-Apr
17-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
15-Apr
16-Apr
16-Apr
19-Apr
version
concern
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
important
1
4
1
2
4
5
3
4
3
5
3
4
5
3
3
1
3
2
5
3
5
4
5
5
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
5
4
4
2
3
2
5
1
5
3
2
3
agree
3
4
1
4
5
5
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
5
3
1
4
2
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
5
4
5
2
4
4
5
4
5
4
3
5
maxwtp
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
30
0
20
75
105
100
50
0
150
0
0
100
75
20
0
40
0
100
50
100
0
100
50
500
500
0
0
50
50
100
120
75
50
200
100
0
10
0
50
100
0
100
40
0
10
mor5
mor6
nak1
nak2
nak3
nak4
nak5
nak6
sab1
sab2
sab3
sab4
sab5
sab6
soh1
soh2
soh3
soh4
soh5
soh6
sou1
sou2
sou3
sou4
sou5
sou6
sud1
sud2
sud3
sud4
sud5
sud6
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
19-Apr
20-Apr
20-Apr
20-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
17-Apr
17-Apr
18-Apr
19-Apr
20-Apr
21-Apr
15-Apr
15-Apr
15-Apr
15-Apr
15-Apr
15-Apr
17-Apr
17-Apr
17-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
18-Apr
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
0
5
2
4
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
4
5
5
3
4
5
4
5
3
1
3
3
5
2
3
4
0
5
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
4
5
3
1
5
4
5
3
3
5
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
50
50
300
200
0
20
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
200
5
150
50
5
20
100
500
120
200
50
20
25
20
20
30
25
50
protest1
c
na
d
na
na
na
na
na
c
na
a
a
na
na
na
a
na
b
na
na
na
b
na
na
na
na
a
a
a
a
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
na
b
na
na
c
na
na
a
na
protest2
d
na
e
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
c
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
d
na
na
b
na
protest3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
why1
na
a
na
c
b
a
a
a
na
a
na
na
b
c
c
na
a
na
a
a
a
na
b
a
a
a
na
na
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
na
c
na
b
a
na
a
b
na
c
why2
why3
na
na
na
na
a
c
na
na
na
na
na
na
c
d
na
na
na
na
b
na
na
na
c
c
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
b
na
na
a
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
c
na
na
b
whymax1
na
c
na
b
c
c
c
c
na
c
na
na
c
c
c
c
c
c
e
c
d
d
c
c
c
c
na
na
c
c
a
a
c
c
c
c
e
a
d
d
e
e
a
c
na
a
a
na
na
na
na
a
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
c
na
na
na
na
d
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
d
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
a
b
a
a
na
b
a
c
b
b
a
b
c
c
a
c
a
c
c
d
a
a
a
c
c
b
a
a
a
b
a
na
b
na
b
b
na
na
c
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
c
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
c
na
c
na
na
na
na
c
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
a
a
c
a
a
a
b
c
c
b
c
b
b
c
c
c
c
c
b
b
c
c
c
b
b
c
a
c
a
a
c
whymax2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
d
na
na
na
na
na
e
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
c
na
na
na
whymax3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
age
d
b
b
c
a
a
a
a
a
a
c
a
d
d
a
b
c
d
d
d
d
d
c
c
c
c
a
a
a
a
b
b
b
a
b
a
c
d
d
b
b
a
b
c
b
d
gen
b
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
b
a
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
b
b
a
b
a
a
a
b
a
d
a
b
b
a
b
a
inc
d
a
a
b
a
a
a
a
c
a
b
a
b
d
a
b
c
d
c
c
d
d
c
a
c
c
a
a
a
a
c
c
c
c
c
c
d
b
b
a
a
a
c
c
a
c
coast
d
d
d
d
c
d
a
a
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
a
a
a
a
a
a
d
d
a
a
a
a
a
a
b
a
b
a
c
d
c
d
c
c
b
c
d
a
par
a
b
d
a
b
b
b
b
c
b
b
b
b
a
d
d
a
a
a
a
b
d
a
a
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
d
a
b
d
b
b
b
d
b
b
na
c
na
na
na
na
c
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
c
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
c
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
d
a
a
b
c
a
a
d
a
b
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
b
b
b
b
a
a
a
a
b
b
c
b
b
b
b
b
a
b
b
a
b
b
b
b
b
a
b
a
a
a
b
a
a
b
b
a
b
a
a
b
b
b
a
a
a
a
a
d
b
a
c
d
a
a
c
a
a
c
a
b
a
a
a
a
c
b
d
a
a
a
b
b
c
c
c
b
b
b
b
d
a
d
c
d
b
c
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
a
d
a
a
a
d
d
d
d
d
d
a
a
b
a
c
c
b
d
d
a
d
d
d
a
a
c
c
b
d
d
b
c
b
b
d
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
a
b
b
b
b
b
race
e
e
c
c
d
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
c
b
a
a
a
c
a
a
a
c
c
c
a
a
c
c
c
c
c
c
d
c
b
a
a
a
b
c
d
a
c
b
whale1
whale2
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
visit
0
0
0
0
1
na
na
1
1
1
1
na
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
na
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
3
3
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
lang
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
know
family
family
family
family
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
family
family
family
family
friend
stranger
friend
friend
family
family
stranger
family
friend
friend
family
family
family
family
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
stranger
stranger
stranger
stranger
friend
friend
stranger
stranger
friend
family
b
d
d
a
d
d
a
d
b
b
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
d
c
d
b
d
a
d
d
a
c
c
a
b
a
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
na
na
na
na
0
0
na
1
0
0
1
na
na
1
0
1
na
0
na
1
1
1
1
1
na
na
na
na
0
0
1
a
c
a
a
a
a
2
2
2
2
2
2
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
englieh
engligh
engligh
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
english
family
friend
friend
friend
family
friend
friend
family
friend
friend
family
family
family
friend
roommate
friend
roommate
family
friend
friend
family
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
friend
Fill in yellow areas for each category
Table 4. Descriptive Statistics
Variable
AGE
18-24
25-35
36-54
55+
GEN
Male
Female
Other, Nonbinary
INC
$10k-$30k
$31-$55k
$56k-$80k
$80k+
Number in category
Percent of total
RACE/ETHNICITY
White
Black or African America
Hispanic
Asian (e.g. Chinese, Japanese, Filipino)
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
American Indian or Alaska Native
Other
WHALE-1
Yes
No
*Whale-2 (for those where Whale-1=0), fill in:
# Yes = 1 for whale-2
# No = 0 for whale – 2
Percent of those giving Whale-1 =0
*Note: there may be a data entry error for one observation. Just count what you can.
Summary of WTP responses
N
Total, all data
Total, no-protest dataset
Version 1
Version 2
Mean
Min
Median
Max
SD
Interviewer name: _______
Interview code: _________
Date:___________
To interviewer: first verify your respondent is California resident >18 years old.
We are undergraduate and graduate students at San Francisco State University and are surveying
Californian’s attitudes towards the preservation of marine life in our oceans. This marine life,
especially those species in danger of extinction, are threatened by a variety of threats such as
entanglement in nets from commercial fisheries, ship strikes, ocean noise, habitat degradation,
pollution, and climate change.
CONCERN On a scale from 1-5, 1 being “not at all” and 5 being “very”, how concerned are you
about whale populations? Circle one answer
1
2
3
4
5
IMPORTANT: On a scale from 1 to 5, how important do you believe it is to preserve marine
life, especially endangered species at risk of extinction? Circle one answer
1
2
3
4
5
AGREE Do you agree with following statement: Reducing interaction with commercial fisheries
will help to preserve marine life and habitats?
Circle one: YES NO
Humpbacks, gray and blue whales are the most common types of whales living in the waters off
the coast of northern and central California. This is a humpback whale in California waters:
(Display photo of breaching humpback whale)
Like all great whales, these three species provide ecosystem services such as recycling of
nutrients and enhancement of primary production in waters where they feed. Even after death,
whale carcasses serve as food and habitat for an array of deep-sea creatures. The west coast of
North America is a marine highway for humpbacks, gray and blue whales. Recently, the
subpopulations that feed here have experienced habitat compression as marine heat waves reduce
the areas where they can forage for krill, the cold-water meal of choice for humpbacks and blue
whales. This habitat compression has increased whale interactions with human activities,
especially the Dungeness crab fishery of northern and central California. This is an example of a
whale caught in crab fishing gear.
(Display photo of entangled whale tail)
The result of this increased overlap between whales and the Dungeness crab fishery is an
accompanying increase in whale entanglements in crab fishing gear. Here is the trend in whale
entanglements each year as reported by NOAA:
(Display NOAA whale entanglements report)
Econ 550/850
1
Version 1
Once entangled, whales may drag the attached gear for long distances, causing fatigue or severe
injury, which can lead to reduced reproductive success and death.
In 2016, U.S. West Coast whale entanglements increased to a peak of 56 due in part to an
unprecedented overlap between a delayed start to the California commercial Dungeness crab
season and the annual migration of humpbacks, blue and gray whales. Fishing gear operated by
the commercial Dungeness crab fishery are confirmed to have caused a large number of these
entanglements, affecting 19 humpbacks and 2 blue whales during that crabbing season alone.
The additional 35 entanglements were caused by gear that was unable to be sourced to a specific
fishery, but we assume that a fair proportion of these events are attributable to crab fisheries.
Blue whales and the humpback population that feed off the U.S. West Coast are endangered;
therefore, entanglements violate the Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammals
Protection Act.
To cut back on whale entanglement related to the Dungeness crab fishing industry we propose to
give discounts on seasonal crab fishing permits to fishermen who use quick disconnect ropes on
their crab traps. This program aims to end after five years of the discount program and shift
towards requiring all fishermen to use quick disconnect ropes and impose a fine on those who do
not act in accordance with the program. Implementing the initial discount program will give
fishermen time to adapt to the new standard and allow for the cost of disconnect ropes to
decrease as production of ropes increases over time with increased demand. To help subsidize
the cost of reduction in price for fishing permits, the increased cost of new equipment, training,
the risk of losing pots, etc. a new nonprofit which collects private donations called “Preserving
Environmental Quality for U.S. Oceanic Diversity” (P.E.Q.U.O.D.) will be formed.
We believe given an amount of time set at 5 years for fishermen to adopt this program, the
discount on fishing permits, and private subsidization this program will not cut into fishermen’s
profits by too much. Once quick disconnect ropes become mandatory regulation of the program
will be carried out by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. By 2030, with mandatory
use of quick disconnect ropes having been enforced for 4 years, we expect that the number of
whale entanglements along the West Coast will be reduced to 15 whale entanglements or less per
year, thus avoiding 7 or more whale deaths per year caused by the crab fishery alone.
We are asking for voluntary donations to the P.E.Q.U.O.D fund. Donations to the fund will be
aimed at retiring antiquated fishing gear and replacing it with new quick disconnect ropes. The
donations will also be used to train professional rescue personnel that assist in whale
disentanglement.
MAXWTP What is the maximum you would pay on a one-time basis into the P.E.Q.U.O.D fund
to bring total whale entanglements down to 15 or less per year? $_______________
Econ 550/850
2
Version 1
PROTEST Ask following question if interviewee said $0 in MAXWTP (otherwise skip and go to
WHY): What is the main reason you would pay zero?
A. I do not have enough to pay into this program at this time.
B. I am donating to other causes
C. I don’t think it will have much impact.
D. I do not believe the P.E.Q.U.O.D program will help the Whales
E. It is Unfair to ask me to pay for this.
F. Other: (Specify) _________________
WHY Ask following question if interviewee put ANY money towards the program, then
continue to WHYMAX:
What is the main reason you would pay?
A. I want to help rescue whales.
B. I do believe in this P.E.Q.U.O.D program.
C. This donation seems reasonable.
D. Other: (Specify) ________________
WHYMAX Ask only after WHY: What is the main reason for the maximum amount you would
pay as opposed to any higher amount?
A. Saving whales is not worth more to me.
B. I feel like I have to contribute, but I don ?t think protecting the whales is effectively going
to help
C. I can ?t afford to pay more at this time.
D. This donation doesn’t seem reasonable.
E. Other: (Specify) ________________
AGE What is your age range?
a.
18-24
b.
25-35
c.
36-54
d.
55+
GEN What is your gender?
a.
Female
b.
Male
c.
Nonbinary
d.
Prefer not to state
INC What is your annual income?
a.
$10,000-$30,000
b.
$31,000-$55,000
c.
$56,000-$80,000
d.
$80,000+
Econ 550/850
3
Version 1
COAST How far are you from the coast?
a.
Less than 5 miles
b.
5 to 10 miles
c.
10 to 15 miles
d.
15 or more miles
PAR What is your party affiliation?
a.
Republican
b.
Democrat
c.
Independent
d.
Prefer not to state
RACE What is your Race or ethnicity?
a.
White (e.g. English, Italian, Lebanese, Egyptian, etc)
b.
Black or African American
c.
Hispanic
d.
Asian (e.g. Chinese, Japanese, Filipino)
e.
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
f.
American Indian or Alaska Native
g.
Other (Specify): ___________________
WHALE-1 Have you been whale watching in the last 10 years?
Circle one: YES NO
WHALE-2 If not, do you plan to go?
Circle one: YES NO
VISIT How often do you visit the CA coast each year?
1. Less than 10 visits per year
2. More than 10 visits per year
3. I never visit the coast
Thank you for your time!
Econ 550/850
4
Version 1
Interviewer name: _______
Interview code: _________
Date:___________
To interviewer: first verify your respondent is California resident >18 years old.
We are undergraduate and graduate students at San Francisco State University and are surveying
Californian’s attitudes towards the preservation of marine life in our oceans. This marine life,
especially those species in danger of extinction, are threatened by a variety of threats such as
entanglement in nets from commercial fisheries, ship strikes, ocean noise, habitat degradation,
pollution, and climate change.
CONCERN On a scale from 1-5, 1 being “not at all” and 5 being “very”, how concerned are you
about whale populations? Circle one answer
1
2
3
4
5
IMPORTANT: On a scale from 1 to 5, how important do you believe it is to preserve marine
life, especially endangered species at risk of extinction? Circle one answer
1
2
3
4
5
AGREE Do you agree with following statement: Reducing interaction with commercial fisheries
will help to preserve marine life and habitats?
Circle one: YES NO
Humpbacks, gray and blue whales are the most common types of whales living in the waters off
the coast of northern and central California. This is a humpback whale in California waters:
(Display photo of breaching humpback whale)
Like all great whales, these three species provide ecosystem services such as recycling of
nutrients and enhancement of primary production in waters where they feed. Even after death,
whale carcasses serve as food and habitat for an array of deep-sea creatures. The west coast of
North America is a marine highway for humpbacks, gray and blue whales. Recently, the
subpopulations that feed here have experienced habitat compression as marine heat waves reduce
the areas where they can forage for krill, the cold-water meal of choice for humpbacks and blue
whales. This habitat compression has increased whale interactions with human activities,
especially the Dungeness crab fishery of northern and central California. This is an example of a
whale caught in crab fishing gear.
(Display photo of entangled whale tail)
The result of this increased overlap between whales and the Dungeness crab fishery is an
accompanying increase in whale entanglements in crab fishing gear. Here is the trend in whale
entanglements each year as reported by NOAA:
(Display NOAA whale entanglements report)
Econ 550/850
1
Version 2
Once entangled, whales may drag the attached gear for long distances, causing fatigue or severe
injury, which can lead to reduced reproductive success and death.
In 2016, U.S. West Coast whale entanglements increased to a peak of 56 due in part to an
unprecedented overlap between a delayed start to the California commercial Dungeness crab
season and the annual migration of humpbacks, blue and gray whales. Fishing gear operated by
the commercial Dungeness crab fishery are confirmed to have caused a large number of these
entanglements, affecting 19 humpbacks and 2 blue whales during that crabbing season alone.
The additional 35 entanglements were caused by gear that was unable to be sourced to a specific
fishery, but we assume that a fair proportion of these events are attributable to crab fisheries.
Blue whales and the humpback population that feed off the U.S. West Coast are endangered;
therefore, entanglements violate the Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammals
Protection Act.
To cut back on whale entanglement related to the Dungeness crab fishing industry we propose to
give discounts on seasonal crab fishing permits to fishermen who use quick disconnect ropes on
their crab traps. This program aims to end after five years of the discount program and shift
towards requiring all fishermen to use quick disconnect ropes and impose a fine on those who do
not act in accordance with the program. Implementing the initial discount program will give
fishermen time to adapt to the new standard and allow for the cost of disconnect ropes to
decrease as production of ropes increases over time with increased demand. To help subsidize
the cost of reduction in price for fishing permits, the increased cost of new equipment, training,
the risk of losing pots, etc. a new nonprofit which collects private donations called “Preserving
Environmental Quality for U.S. Oceanic Diversity” (P.E.Q.U.O.D.) will be formed.
We believe given an amount of time set at 5 years for fishermen to adopt this program, the
discount on fishing permits, and private subsidization this program will not cut into fishermen’s
profits by too much. Once quick disconnect ropes become mandatory regulation of the program
will be carried out by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. By 2030, with mandatory
use of quick disconnect ropes having been enforced for 4 years, we expect that the number of
whale entanglements along the West Coast will be reduced to 5 whale entanglements or less per
year, thus avoiding 17 or more whale deaths per year caused by the crab fishery alone.
We are asking for voluntary donations to the P.E.Q.U.O.D fund. Donations to the fund will be
aimed at retiring antiquated fishing gear and replacing it with new quick disconnect ropes. The
donations will also be used to train professional rescue personnel that assist in whale
disentanglement.
MAXWTP What is the maximum you would pay on a one-time basis into the P.E.Q.U.O.D fund
to bring total whale entanglements down to 5 or less per year? $_______________
Econ 550/850
2
Version 2
PROTEST Ask following question if interviewee said $0 in MAXWTP (otherwise skip and go to
WHY): What is the main reason you would pay zero?
A. I do not have enough to pay into this program at this time.
B. I am donating to other causes
C. I don’t think it will have much impact.
D. I do not believe the P.E.Q.U.O.D program will help the Whales
E. It is Unfair to ask me to pay for this.
F. Other: (Specify) _________________
WHY Ask following question if interviewee put ANY money towards the program, then
continue to WHYMAX:
What is the main reason you would pay?
A. I want to help rescue whales.
B. I do believe in this P.E.Q.U.O.D program.
C. This donation seems reasonable.
D. Other: (Specify) ________________
WHYMAX Ask only after WHY: What is the main reason for the maximum amount you would
pay as opposed to any higher amount?
A. Saving whales is not worth more to me.
B. I feel like I have to contribute, but I don ?t think protecting the whales is effectively going
to help
C. I can ?t afford to pay more at this time.
D. This donation doesn’t seem reasonable.
E. Other: (Specify) ________________
AGE What is your age range?
a.
18-24
b.
25-35
c.
36-54
d.
55+
GEN What is your gender?
a.
Female
b.
Male
c.
Nonbinary
d.
Prefer not to state
INC What is your annual income?
a.
$10,000-$30,000
b.
$31,000-$55,000
c.
$56,000-$80,000
d.
$80,000+
Econ 550/850
3
Version 2
COAST How far are you from the coast?
a.
Less than 5 miles
b.
5 to 10 miles
c.
10 to 15 miles
d.
15 or more miles
PAR What is your party affiliation?
a.
Republican
b.
Democrat
c.
Independent
d.
Prefer not to state
RACE What is your Race or ethnicity?
a.
White (e.g. English, Italian, Lebanese, Egyptian, etc)
b.
Black or African American
c.
Hispanic
d.
Asian (e.g. Chinese, Japanese, Filipino)
e.
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
f.
American Indian or Alaska Native
g.
Other (Specify): ___________________
WHALE-1 Have you been whale watching in the last 10 years?
Circle one: YES NO
WHALE-2 If not, do you plan to go?
Circle one: YES NO
VISIT How often do you visit the CA coast each year?
1. Less than 10 visits per year
2. More than 10 visits per year
3. I never visit the coast
Thank you for your time!
Econ 550/850
4
Version 2
Name:__________________________________________
Whale Entanglement Reduction Program
CV Problem Set
SFSU – Environmental Econ 550/850, F2021
(100 points total)
Reporting WTP
You are going to use your survey dataset to report the mean and range of your WTP estimates, using the upper and
lower confidence intervals. The formula for a confidence interval is:
where x-bar is the average, z is the z-score for level of confidence, s is the standard deviation, and n is number of
observations. Use a 90% confidence interval, so that z = 1.65. You can also use the CONFIDENCE(alpha, sd, n)
command in Excel where alpha would be .10, sd is standard deviation of the sample, and n is number in sample.
This will be the range within which you are 90% sure the true population mean falls.
Excel function: https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/excel/functions/confidence-interval-excelfunction/
1. (25 pts) Fill in the following table for MAXWTP:
Sample
All, including protest
All data-no protest
Version 1, no protest
Version 2, no protest
2.
Lower CI
Mean
Upper CI
(5 pts) Take the population figure of about 30 million Californians aged 18 and over to complete the
following statement: Based on the average WTP for the entire no-protest sample (includes both Version 1
and Version 2 no-protest responses), Californians > 18 y.o. would be willing to pay a total of
___________________________ to reduce whale entanglements to between five and fifteen each year.
Scope Test
1. (5pts) Use your table above to answer: Californians over 18 are willing to pay on average between
____________ and ___________ to pay for a program to assist the Dungeness crab fishery adopt new gear which
would reduce whale entanglements to approximately 15 each year. They would are willing to pay on
average between ____________ and ___________ to pay for a program to assist the Dungeness crab fishery adopt
new gear which would reduce entanglements to approximately only five each year.
2. (10 points) Conduct a t-test to see if there is a statistically significant difference between the average
Version 1 and Version 2 WTPs. Use unequal variance t-test. Sort the data by version (no-protest). For the
t-test, you need to enable the “data analysis tool” in Excel if you have not already. Then perform a t-test.
1
Sample instructions here: https://statisticsbyjim.com/hypothesis-testing/t-tests-excel/. Explain results of
your t-test regarding whether the means are statistically different or same and briefly offer explanation of
the results.
One explanation of Excel output: https://www.drdawnwright.com/tail-of-the-test-interpreting-excel-data-analysis-ttest-output/
Law of demand
Again using the no-protest data, let’s check if the data for MAXWTP obey the law of demand using the histogram
feature in Excel. Select the data and select Recommended charts -> all – > histogram and click (note: steps may
differ slightly depending on which Excel version you have). You can adjust the number of bins, or bars, by
selecting the data in the chart then right click for options, then horizontal axis option, then look for bins. The more
bins, the finer the breakdown. Use at least 10 bins for Version 1 and 2 separately.
Paste charts here
3. (5pts) Version 1:
4. (5pts) Version 2:
5. (5pts) Do they look like demand curves? Explain:
Income
For each version, sort the data by income levels, and test whether the mean WTP is greater for “high” v. “low”
individuals, where you group income levels a and b together, and then c and d together (for each version). You
can use the t-test assuming equal variances. But if the variances look very different, it is a simple to redo the test
with the unequal variance option chosen. Explain results of your t-test regarding whether the mean WTP between
high and low income observations is statistically different or same for each version. Report means of the groups, tstat, whether it is statistically significant at a level to reject the null, at what level and briefly offer explanation of
the results.
6. (10pt) Version 1:
2
7. (10pt) Version 2:
Whale watching
For this activity, you can use the full sample no-protests
8. (10 pt) Test whether a person has gone or intends to go whale-watching affects WTP. Using the no-protest
sample with Version 1 and 2 combined, organize your data such that you can group people that either had
WHALE-1 = 1 OR WHALE-2 =1 as one group and the rest in another group. Run a t-test to see if the mean
WTP for each group is statistically the same. Report and explain your results as above.
9. (10 pt) Discuss the biases that you see in the data and any other issues you see in this overall survey
project.
3

Purchase answer to see full
attachment

Tags:
Whale Entanglement Reduction Program

User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool’s honor code & terms of service.