There is no strong evidence for bioactive components in fruits,…
QuestionAnswered step-by-stepThere is no strong evidence for bioactive components in fruits,…There is no strong evidence for bioactive components in fruits, vegetables, and animal products to modulate the activity of transcription factors and chromatin modifiers. Question 1 options: True False Question 2 (1 point) Which aspect of the histones helps them make associations with DNA? Question 2 options: Their density Their alkalinity Their acidity The number of peptides Question 3 (1 point) Which of the following is true about the histone code? Question 3 options: It is a theoretical hypothesis and has no real scientific support It determines the accessibility of genomic binding sites of transcription factors It leads to increased or decreased gene expression & proteins Question 4 (1 point) Match the following compounds with their proposed epigenetic functions: Question 4 options:1234 Inhibits histone deacetylases 1234 DNA methyltransferase activity effector 1234 Histone Deacetylation 1234 Histone Acetylation 1. Epicatechin & Genistein 2. Resveratrol & Catechin 3. Curcumin 4. Resveratrol & Astaxanthin Question 5 (1 point) According to Maria-Luz Fernandez, which of the following diseases has histone deacetylase-9 (HDAC9) been implicated in through mouse research models? Question 5 options: Cancer Inflammation and fibrosis Schizophrenia Obesity Question 6 (1 point) The activity of methylation is tightly regulated. Question 6 options: True False Question 7 (1 point) Select the following true statements about the methylation index: Question 7 options: It is the ratio of SAM/SAH It is related to the acetylation index The methylation index is critical for histone and DNA methylation It is a well-established biomarker for disease It is the ratio of SAH/SAM Question 8 (1 point) Fetal programming can occur due to early-life nutritional insults. These include undernutrition, but not overnutrition. Question 8 options: True False Question 9 (1 point) Which of the following diets can lead to epigenetic changes? Question 9 options: Mediterranean Diet Low Calorie Diet The Keto Diet The Dash Diet The Western Diet Chapter 5 in Nutrigenomics Question 10 (1 point) Epigenetic modifications are not stable enough to be transferred during cell divisions. Question 10 options: True False Question 11 (1 point) Which are the main amino-terminal tails that are targeted for various histone modifications? Question 11 options: Methionine Arginine Glutamine Serine Lysine Question 12 (1 point) Which is the most likely part of the DNA code that would undergo histone modification? Question 12 options: Exons Promoter region Introns Euchromatin Question 13 (1 point) Which of the following are true about CpG islands? Question 13 options: They need to have a CG content of at least 25% They consist of areas on the DNA where cytosine and guanine are found together and are connected by a phosphodiester bond TETs use methyl group donors from S-adenosylmethionine to methylate the cytosines Throughout life, CpG islands are mostly unmethylated Question 14 (1 point) There is cross talk between histone modification processes and DNA methylation and demethylation processes. Question 14 options: True False Question 15 (1 point) The ______ of the chromatin is/are an important determinant of gene expression. Question 15 options: Co-factors Density Side groups Position Question 16 (1 point) Select the following true statements about chromatin modifying enzymes: Question 16 options: Chromatin readers, writers and erasers are the same for all tissues They are responsive to products of intermediary metabolism Bromodomains can be found in proteins that recognize acetylated residues Their activity is dependent on levels of metabolites such as glucose, NAD+, ATP, or SAM Chromodomains can be found in proteins that recognize methylated residues Question 17 (1 point) Transcriptional regulation of metabolism is coordinated in a circadian rhythm-like manner through the actions of epigenetics and sirtuins. Question 17 options: True False Question 18 (1 point) Categorize the following: Question 18 options:1234 ATP 1234 acetyl-CoA 1234 DNMTs 1234 p300 1234 HDACs 1234 FAD 1234 TETs 1234 HATs 1234 BRDs 1. Signaling metabolites 2. Writer 3. Reader 4. Eraser Question 19 (1 point) What is the significance of one-carbon metabolism? Question 19 options: It reduces levels of homocysteine through direct epigenetic modification of homocysteine-related genes, therefore preventing against homocysteine related health risks (i.e. in pregnancy) It helps to generate SAM that can be used as a methyl-donor for epigenetic alterations It helps generate tetrahydrofolate that can be used as a methyl-donor for epigenetic alterations It helps prevent against excess methyl donor groups, which can pose risks for birth defects Question 20 (1 point) What was the take-away from the Agouti mouse experiment? Question 20 options: Methylation status of the offspring was able to effectively change their coat color Germ cells have a high capacity for (de)methylation, regardless of diet That maternal methyl donor supplementation led to increased methylation in the offspring, and thus changes in disease risk Histone acetylation level is a primary means for inherited epigenetic changes, similar to DNA methylation Question 21 (1 point) Which of the following are true regarding the thrifty hypothesis? Question 21 options: The thrifty phenotype develops in the mother first as an adaptation, and then is passed down to the offspring Mothers exposed to undernutrition increase the risk of offspring developing permanent changes in their glucose-insulin metabolism The thrifty phenotype is an epigenetic program that has been developed to use nutritional energy efficiently The thrifty phenotype comes about mostly through nutritional factors, but less so environmental exposures Genomics in Personalized Nutrition: Can you “Eat for Your Genes”? Question 22 (1 point) On average, if you were to compare 2 humans, how much of their genome would be different? Question 22 options: <1% 2% 2.5% 4% Question 23 (1 point) It is easy to determine SNP differences among humans, and we have already been able to associate many of these with diseases or other characteristics. Question 23 options: True False Question 24 (1 point) Match the following terms with their definitions: Question 24 options:1234 When the effect of a variant depends on other genetic variants present 1234 A phenotypic trait that is the result of small contributions from many genes 1234 The probability of observing the associated phenotype for a given variant 1234 When a single gene or variant controls multiple, sometimes unrelated traits 1. Polygenic 2. Penetrance 3. Epistasis 4. Pleiotropy Question 25 (1 point) Select which of the following may influence a gene-diet interaction: Question 25 options: Environmental exposures Racial/Ethnic Ancestry Intake/exposure to nutrient Sex & age Question 26 (1 point) Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding DNA microarrays? Question 26 options: They cannot test for larger structural changes in the genome, like insertions or deletions DNA microarrays can facilitate the discovery of a SNP's location within the greater genomic context, and thus its potential functionality They are excellent at detecting SNPs that are rare, such as those with a minor allele frequency <0.1% These data from these arrays are often incomplete & contain errors Question 27 (1 point) Which of the following genes and their respective gene-diet interactions have been shown to vary across different racial/ethnic groups (or to display some kind of ancestry/population link)? Question 27 options: GC APOE FADS MTHFR ADH1B PNPLA3 FTO CYP1A2 Reference https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33065985/BiologyScienceNutritionNSC 475Share Question
