Question Answered step-by-step I need help with my paper [SDK1] Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) For Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)? Yes or No NSG 502: Advanced Nursing ResearchWilkes University, Passan School of Nursing Due: February 6, 2022 Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) For Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)? Yes or No The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major health issue throughout the United States and around the world (Baugher et al., 2021). In 2020, 680,000 (480,000-1.0 million] people died from HIV-related causes and 1.5 million [1.0-2.0 million] people acquired HIV (Baugher et al., 2021). The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interferes with an individual’s body to fight off infections, symptoms depend on the progression of the disease. People may or may not be symptomatic, some experience cold-like symptoms in the first few weeks after infection. HIV can lead to a serious illness if not treated, which is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This disease weakens an individual’s immune system which make them susceptible to diseases and/ or death. In 2017, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for use in the fight against HIV. PrEP is prescribed for individuals who are negative for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Aaron et al., 2018). PrEP is a combination of antiretroviral medications that works to decrease the chances of contracting the virus (Aaron et al., 2018). PrEP involves the use of condoms and a follow-up with a healthcare provider every three months for testing. Studies have proved when taken as prescribed Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) PrEp has likely contributed to a substantial decline in the HIV epidemic (Aaron et al., 2018). Background and Significance[SDK2] Researchers believe HIV was began as far back as the late 1800s. A disease transferred from chimpanzees to humans. HIV has slowly spread from the continent of Africa throughout the world. The virus was introduced in America in the late 1970s (MacGibbon et al., 2021).HIV can be spread through infected people’s blood, bodily fluids, sperm, and vaginal secretions. The virus cannot be transmitted from touching, hugging, kissing, or sharing utensils. To date there remains to be no cure for the HIV infection. However, studies show that early access to antiretroviral therapy (PrEP) and support such as effective HIV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is imperative to improve the health of many with HIV (Baugher et al., 2021). Studies show PrEP has been a great tool in combatting HIV in high-risk populations, including heterosexual couples with one HIV-positive partner and the other not. Problem Statement The problem addressed in this proposal is if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be an epidemic, why aren’t more individuals not taking PrEP? Purpose Statement The purpose of this proposal is to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of PrEP as a means of preventing HIV infection in high-risk populations. PICOT Question The PICOT question is. Are males 30-45 (P) who don’t take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (I) compared with those taking PrEP (C) at an increased risk (O) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after three months of treatment (T)? ConclusionIn conclusion, many concerns remain unanswered about how to best implement PrEP programs, including who should be provided PrEP and how often. According to (Koss et al., 2021), HIV incidence were 74% lower compared to prior availability of PrEP. In a study conducted by Murchu et al. (2021), 25,051 individuals encompassing 38,289 person-years of follow-up data confirms that oral tenofovir-containing PrEP is both effective and safe. It also discovered that efficacy is strongly associated with adherence, a 10% reduction in adherence reduced efficacy by 13%. Similarly, event driven, or intermittent (non-daily) dosing may improve adherence to medication while sustaining effectiveness (Murchu et al., 2021). The acceptability of PrEP is influenced by a variety of factors including financial cost, age, marital status, and medical accessibility. As a result, to ensure the success of the PrEP strategy, these factors must be considered. According to Ahouada, et al. (2020) ,”the use of the drug would be easier because the fear of stigmatization would be reduced. PrEP programs will need to rely on HIV health and care services designed for key populations to reduce stigma and facilitate entry and client’s retention.” References Aaron, E., Blum, C., Seidman, D., Hoyt, M. J., Simone, J., Sullivan, M., & Smith, D. K. (2018). Optimizing delivery of HIV preexposure prophylaxis for women in the United States. AIDS patient care and STDs, 32(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2017.0201Ahouada, C., Diabaté, S., Mondor, M. (2020). Acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: facilitators, barriers and impact on sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men in Benin. BMC Public Health 20, 1267. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09363-4Baugher, A. R., Trujillo, L., Kanny, D., Freeman, J. Q., Hickey, T., Sionean, C. (2021). National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group. Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Awareness of Preexposure Prophylaxis Among HIV-Negative Heterosexually Active Adults at Increased Risk for HIV Infection23 Urban Areas, United States, 2019. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70(47), 163 https://doi.10.15585/mmwr.mm7047a3MacGibbon, J., Lea, T., Ellard, J., Murphy, D., Kolstee, J., Power, C., … & Holt, M. (2021). Access to subsidized health care affects HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among gay and bisexual men in Australia: results of National Surveys 2013-2019. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 86(4), 430-435.https:// doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002572Murchu, E. O., et al (2021). Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (prep) to prevent HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness, safety, adherence and risk compensation in all populations.Med Rx IV https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.24.21264095 [SDK1]Please note THERE IS NO RUNNING HEAD IN STUDENT PAPERS. [SDK2]It is possible you will need to organize this section with more headings. If that is the case, the headings will be flush with the left margin and bolded. Health Science Science Nursing NURSING 502 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)
Question Answered step-by-step I need help with my paper [SDK1] Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) For Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)? Yes or No NSG 502: Advanced Nursing ResearchWilkes University, Passan School of Nursing Due: February 6, 2022 Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) For Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)? Yes or No The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major health issue throughout the United States and around the world (Baugher et al., 2021). In 2020, 680,000 (480,000-1.0 million] people died from HIV-related causes and 1.5 million [1.0-2.0 million] people acquired HIV (Baugher et al., 2021). The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interferes with an individual’s body to fight off infections, symptoms depend on the progression of the disease. People may or may not be symptomatic, some experience cold-like symptoms in the first few weeks after infection. HIV can lead to a serious illness if not treated, which is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This disease weakens an individual’s immune system which make them susceptible to diseases and/ or death. In 2017, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for use in the fight against HIV. PrEP is prescribed for individuals who are negative for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Aaron et al., 2018). PrEP is a combination of antiretroviral medications that works to decrease the chances of contracting the virus (Aaron et al., 2018). PrEP involves the use of condoms and a follow-up with a healthcare provider every three months for testing. Studies have proved when taken as prescribed Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) PrEp has likely contributed to a substantial decline in the HIV epidemic (Aaron et al., 2018). Background and Significance[SDK2] Researchers believe HIV was began as far back as the late 1800s. A disease transferred from chimpanzees to humans. HIV has slowly spread from the continent of Africa throughout the world. The virus was introduced in America in the late 1970s (MacGibbon et al., 2021).HIV can be spread through infected people’s blood, bodily fluids, sperm, and vaginal secretions. The virus cannot be transmitted from touching, hugging, kissing, or sharing utensils. To date there remains to be no cure for the HIV infection. However, studies show that early access to antiretroviral therapy (PrEP) and support such as effective HIV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is imperative to improve the health of many with HIV (Baugher et al., 2021). Studies show PrEP has been a great tool in combatting HIV in high-risk populations, including heterosexual couples with one HIV-positive partner and the other not. Problem Statement The problem addressed in this proposal is if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be an epidemic, why aren’t more individuals not taking PrEP? Purpose Statement The purpose of this proposal is to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of PrEP as a means of preventing HIV infection in high-risk populations. PICOT Question The PICOT question is. Are males 30-45 (P) who don’t take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (I) compared with those taking PrEP (C) at an increased risk (O) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after three months of treatment (T)? ConclusionIn conclusion, many concerns remain unanswered about how to best implement PrEP programs, including who should be provided PrEP and how often. According to (Koss et al., 2021), HIV incidence were 74% lower compared to prior availability of PrEP. In a study conducted by Murchu et al. (2021), 25,051 individuals encompassing 38,289 person-years of follow-up data confirms that oral tenofovir-containing PrEP is both effective and safe. It also discovered that efficacy is strongly associated with adherence, a 10% reduction in adherence reduced efficacy by 13%. Similarly, event driven, or intermittent (non-daily) dosing may improve adherence to medication while sustaining effectiveness (Murchu et al., 2021). The acceptability of PrEP is influenced by a variety of factors including financial cost, age, marital status, and medical accessibility. As a result, to ensure the success of the PrEP strategy, these factors must be considered. According to Ahouada, et al. (2020) ,”the use of the drug would be easier because the fear of stigmatization would be reduced. PrEP programs will need to rely on HIV health and care services designed for key populations to reduce stigma and facilitate entry and client’s retention.” References Aaron, E., Blum, C., Seidman, D., Hoyt, M. J., Simone, J., Sullivan, M., & Smith, D. K. (2018). Optimizing delivery of HIV preexposure prophylaxis for women in the United States. AIDS patient care and STDs, 32(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2017.0201Ahouada, C., Diabaté, S., Mondor, M. (2020). Acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: facilitators, barriers and impact on sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men in Benin. BMC Public Health 20, 1267. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09363-4Baugher, A. R., Trujillo, L., Kanny, D., Freeman, J. Q., Hickey, T., Sionean, C. (2021). National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group. Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Awareness of Preexposure Prophylaxis Among HIV-Negative Heterosexually Active Adults at Increased Risk for HIV Infection23 Urban Areas, United States, 2019. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70(47), 163 https://doi.10.15585/mmwr.mm7047a3MacGibbon, J., Lea, T., Ellard, J., Murphy, D., Kolstee, J., Power, C., … & Holt, M. (2021). Access to subsidized health care affects HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among gay and bisexual men in Australia: results of National Surveys 2013-2019. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 86(4), 430-435.https:// doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002572Murchu, E. O., et al (2021). Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (prep) to prevent HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness, safety, adherence and risk compensation in all populations.Med Rx IV https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.24.21264095 [SDK1]Please note THERE IS NO RUNNING HEAD IN STUDENT PAPERS. [SDK2]It is possible you will need to organize this section with more headings. If that is the case, the headings will be flush with the left margin and bolded. Health Science Science Nursing NURSING 502 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)
