Question Answered step-by-step 1. Describe acute renal injury in terms of its causes, treatment, and outcome. 2. Differentiate the prerenal, intrarenal (acute renal injury), and postrenal forms of acute renal injury in terms of the mechanisms of development and manifestations. 3. State the most common causes of chronic kidney disease. 4. Explain the physiologic mechanisms underlying the common problems associated with chronic kidney disease, including alterations in fluid and electrolyte balance and disorders of skeletal, hematologic, cardiovascular, immune system, neurologic, skin, and sexual function. Case: Will is a 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension. Eight months ago, he started regular dialysis therapy for ESRD. Before that, his physician was closely monitoring his condition because he had polyuria and nocturia. Soon it became difficult to manage his hypertension. He also lost his appetite, became weak, easily fatigued, and had edema around his ankles. Will debated with his physician about starting dialysis, but she insisted, before the signs and symptoms of uremia increased, the treatment was absolutely necessary. 5. What is the difference between azotemia and uremia? 6. Two years ago, Will’s physician told him to decrease his protein intake. In spite of what the physician ordered, Will could not stop having chicken, beef, pork, or eggs at least once a day. Why did his physician warn him about his diet? 7. Will’s feelings of weakness and fatigue are symptoms of anemia. Why is he anemic? 8.  Knowing what you do about Will’s history, why is left ventricular dysfunction a concern for his physician? 9. Patients on hemodialysis frequently experience orthostatic hypotension. Identify the pharmacotherapy for management or prevention of orthostatic hypotension and explain their mechanism of action. Health Science Science Nursing NSG 305 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)

Question Answered step-by-step 1. Describe acute renal injury in terms of its causes, treatment, and outcome. 2. Differentiate the prerenal, intrarenal (acute renal injury), and postrenal forms of acute renal injury in terms of the mechanisms of development and manifestations. 3. State the most common causes of chronic kidney disease. 4. Explain the physiologic mechanisms underlying the common problems associated with chronic kidney disease, including alterations in fluid and electrolyte balance and disorders of skeletal, hematologic, cardiovascular, immune system, neurologic, skin, and sexual function. Case: Will is a 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension. Eight months ago, he started regular dialysis therapy for ESRD. Before that, his physician was closely monitoring his condition because he had polyuria and nocturia. Soon it became difficult to manage his hypertension. He also lost his appetite, became weak, easily fatigued, and had edema around his ankles. Will debated with his physician about starting dialysis, but she insisted, before the signs and symptoms of uremia increased, the treatment was absolutely necessary. 5. What is the difference between azotemia and uremia? 6. Two years ago, Will’s physician told him to decrease his protein intake. In spite of what the physician ordered, Will could not stop having chicken, beef, pork, or eggs at least once a day. Why did his physician warn him about his diet? 7. Will’s feelings of weakness and fatigue are symptoms of anemia. Why is he anemic? 8.  Knowing what you do about Will’s history, why is left ventricular dysfunction a concern for his physician? 9. Patients on hemodialysis frequently experience orthostatic hypotension. Identify the pharmacotherapy for management or prevention of orthostatic hypotension and explain their mechanism of action. Health Science Science Nursing NSG 305 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)