QUESTION 1 The scientific discipline of classifying organisms into…

Question Answered step-by-step QUESTION 1 The scientific discipline of classifying organisms into… QUESTION 1The scientific discipline of classifying organisms into increasingly more inclusive groups according to an international classification standard is known as what?A)entomologyB)palentologyC)taxonomyQUESTION 2Image transcription text3 ITTTTTTTTTTTITT I UT… Show more In reference to the figure above depicting a DNA replication fork, which of the following is a true statement?A)The strand labeled “3′” is the leading strand                    B)The strand labeled “5′” is the template strand.C)The strand labeled “3′” is the lagging strand.QUESTION 3The nitrogenous base thymine is what type of base?A)pyrimidineB)purineC)monoamineQUESTION 4The flow of molecular information from genes to RNA to proteins is referred to as what?A)the Central Limit TheoremB)the Peripheral DoctrineC)the Central DogmaQUESTION 5The wing of a bird and the wing of an insect are examples of _________ structuresA)homologousB)analogousC)isologousQUESTION 6These are enzymes that cut up DNAA)DNA ligaseB)embryonic stem cellsC)restriction enzymesD)a vector   QUESTION 7Transition and transverse substitutions are A)purine-to-purine and pyrimidine-to-pyrimidine, respectively.B)mutations only caused by chemicals such as benzene or radiation such as x-rays.C)purine-to-purine/pyrimidine-to-pyrimidine and purine-to-pyrimidine/pyrimidine-to-purine replacement, respectively.QUESTION 8What is a phylogenetic tree?A)It is a small desert tree that has maintained an unaltered genotype for millions of years.B)It is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms.C)It is a diagram showing the naming system of organisms.QUESTION 9Gene expression refers to what process? A)the process of transcribing DNA into RNA and translating RNA into chromatinB)the process of transcribing DNA into RNA and translating RNA into proteinC)the process of transcribing RNA into DNA and translating DNA into proteinQUESTION 10Which of the following is true when proofreading by DNA polymerase? A)it takes place as a DNA strand is being replicatedB)it takes place long after a DNA strand has been replicatedC)it is primarily possible because of mismatch repair enzymesQUESTION 11Two very similar rodent populations are found on two Pacific islands near to one another. A scientist decides to mate some of the rodents and gets viable but sterile offspring. Why?A)The rodents on one island are from recent ancestors that experienced sympatric speciation after allopolyploidy developed in their recent ancestorsB)The offspring were rendered infertile by adaptive radiation, and their parents experienced vicariance.C)The rodents on one island are from recent ancestors that experienced allopatric speciation after a dispersive separation from the rodents on the other island.QUESTION 12If a strand of DNA of sequence 5′-AATAGCGCGGTATTC-3′ is replicated, which of the following accurately represents the newly synthesized DNA strand? A)5′-TTATCGCGCCATAAG-3’B)3′-CCACTGTGTTACAAG-5’C)3′-TTATCGCGCCATAAG-5’QUESTION 13A scientist has discovered a new organism and wishes to classify it based on morphology and genetics. While he is waiting on the genomic data, he analyzes the morphological data. The new organism has homologous structures to birds and analogous structures to bats. However, he observes one trait that is shared with bats but not birds. What should he do?A)tentatively group it with bats and speculate that the trait shared only with bats is an ancestral rather than a derived trait.B)tentatively group it with birds and speculate that the trait shared only with bats is a derived rather than an ancestral traitC)tentatively group it with bats because he observes both analogous traits with bats and a shared ancestral trait with bats.QUESTION 14Therapeutic cloning canA)produce embryonic stem cells.B)produce specialized cells to treat human disease.C)produce clones of adult individuals.D)be used to create new species of plants.QUESTION 15What is a clade?A)an ancestor of a group of organismsB)a group of organisms that all share a common ancestorC)a clan led by a dominant female memberQUESTION 16Which type of enzyme can repair DNA damage in eukaryotes? A)RNA primaseB)DNA polymeraseC)DNA ligaseQUESTION 17DNA ligaseA)links two DNA molecules together.B)produces many copies of an unknown piece of DNA.C)amplifies mitochondrial DNA sequences.D)makes copies of a foreign gene for use in making recombinant DNA.QUESTION 18Which of the following is found in eukaryotic genes but not prokaryotic genes?A)repressorsB)operonsC)intronsQUESTION 19The theory of evolution states that: A)better adapted organism reproduce at a higher rateB)organisms change by acquired characteristicsC)organism populations can change physically over long periods of timeQUESTION 20A scientist finds what she thinks is a new species of rodent on a small Pacific island. However, some similar-looking rodents inhabit some nearby islands. She mates the new rodent with the nearby rodents and gets viable but infertile offspring. Why?A)The old and new rodents underwent vicariance, and their hybrid offspring were sterilized by adaptive radiation.B)The new rodents probably derive from fairly recent ancestors that experienced dispersive allopatric speciation.C)The new and old rodents are both allopolyploid after undergoing sympatric speciation. QUESTION 21″Survival of the fittest,” or the reproductive advantage in individuals who inherit traits that help it adapt to a changing environment was something Darwin called ________. A)inheritanceB)adaptationC)natural selectionQUESTION 22Which of the following is used to cleave DNA in order to create recombinant DNA?A)vectorsB)DNA ligaseC)restriction enzymesD)DNA helicase QUESTION 23The process of producing RNA using a gene as a template is called:A)translationB)transpositionC)transcriptionQUESTION 24In general, which two characteristics of an organism are used to classify it?A)cell structure and chromosome numberB)genome and protein complimentC)physical features and genomeQUESTION 25What proteins are crucial for creating and maintaining DNA replication forks? Choose the best explanation.A)Helicase creates the replication fork; single-strand binding proteins keep the single strands from B)reuniting.C)Helicase creates the replication fork; primase keeps the single strands from closing shut.D)Ligase creates the replication fork; DNA polymerase II keeps the single strands from reuniting.QUESTION 26Which group of organisms consist of more than one cell?A)eubacteriaB)eukaryaC)eubacteriaQUESTION 27Consider Mendel’s pea plants in which a single gene determines whether the peas are yellow from the dominant allele Y or green from the recessive allele y (when both alleles are y). According to the Hardy-Weinberg Principle of Equilibrium, what is the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population under low selective pressure?A)p + q = 1B)p2C)2pqQUESTION 28The steps involved in a single PCR cycle, in the correct order, areA)cool to allow DNA strands to anneal, heat to allow primer to anneal, cool to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.B)heat to denature DNA strands and for primer to anneal, cool to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.C)heat to denature DNA strands, cool to allow primer to anneal, allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.D)cool to denature DNA strands, heat to allow primer to anneal, cool to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.QUESTION 29In order to clone adult animals, scientists typically begin with a(n)A)enucleated eggB)red blood cellC)isolated sperm cellD)enucleated sperm cellQUESTION 30What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to a growing DNA chain during replication?A)DNA polymeraseB)RNA primaseC)RNA polymeraseQUESTION 31Describe the characteristic differences between an animal, plant, and fungus.QUESTION 32Describe one piece of evidence for common descent.QUESTION 33Describe two differences between DNA and RNA. 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