Essay 1: Quantitative Research Methods

Quantitative research is a method of collecting and analyzing numerical data using mathematical and statistical techniques in evaluation. It uses deductive reasoning whereby the researcher aims at proving, disproving or lending validity to theories that are in existence. Quantitative research starts from a fixed hypothesis which forecasts the relationship between or among variables in research (Oflazoglu, 2017).

On the other hand, qualitative research is a method of collecting and analyzing data that is not numerical such as audio, video, or text. It uses inductive reasoning, which involves arriving at a conclusion from specifics to the general. It has no fixed hypothesis and involves coming up with a theory from data collected.

Essay 2: Social Theory by Karl Marx

Karl Marx discusses the struggle between the ruling class and the working class. The ruling class controls capital while the working class provide labour and are alienated. The theory explains capitalism today and the conflict between workers and employers (Karlsson & Månson, 2017).

Organic and Mechanical Solidarity theory by Durkheim. The theory explains the relationship of people in society. In small undifferentiated societies, there is a mechanical relationship. However, differentiated societies have an organic relationship with a complex division of labour. The theory explains the relationships between people in urban areas and rural areas (Karlsson & Månson, 2017).

Protestant Ethics by Weber argues that Protestants played a considerable role in spreading capitalism through the doctrine of predestination. The theory helps understand modern capitalism, which sees profit as the main objective (Karlsson & Månson, 2017).

References

Karlsson, J. C., & Månson, P. (2017). Concepts of work in Marx, Durkheim, and Weber.

Oflazoglu, S. (2017). Qualitative versus quantitative research. Rijeka, Croatia InTech.