Please help me with the discussion post responses? Respond to 2…

Question Answered step-by-step Please help me with the discussion post responses? Respond to 2… Please help me with the discussion post responses?Respond to 2 classmates post Respond to a classmate’s posts. The use of only “I agree” or “Great points” is not enough to be counted. Providing explanations, additional thoughts and the use of additional scholarly references are the makings of a great post. Responses should be included more information and clarification, thereby adding much depth to the discussion? And see more information in the comment down below.Prompt-Mr. J, age 42, is a construction worker in Las Vegas who lives with his daughter and grandson, Sammy. He recently noticed that a mole on his face seemed to be getting larger and darker. At first, he did not worry because he was in the sun a lot and assumed the change may have been caused by sunburn. After a month, not only was the mole larger and darker, but it appeared to be “bumpy.” His doctor diagnosed a malignant melanoma skin cancer following biopsy of the nevus. Mr. J reports pain in his right shin that does not go away when he puts his feet up or sleeps.Discussion Questions1. Relate Mr. J’s skin changes to the warning signs for malignant melanoma. 2. Discuss the normal progression of this malignancy. What is the significance of the bone pain that Mr. J is experiencing? 3. Discuss the treatment available for this patient and the prognosis for recovery. Discussion QuestionsMr. J is babysitting his grandson Sammy, age 3 years, who ate his dinner and then said his tummy hurt. Mr. J suggested he lie down in the adjacent room while his parents finished dinner. A few minutes later, Mr. J heard Sammy vomiting. He rushed in to lift Sammy up. When vomiting ceased, he noticed Sammy continued to cough and seemed to be choking. He was struggling to breathe, and a wheezing sound was obvious. It appeared that he had aspirated some vomitus. Mr. J drove him to a nearby hospital for examination.1. Discuss the specific effects of aspirating vomitus on Sammy, including the probable effects on his bronchi and lungs. Why might one lung be affected more than the other?2. Discuss the pathophysiologic changes causing the signs and symptoms and any tests required to clarify the effects on Sammy. 3. Suggest some reasons for Sammy’s difficulty breathing and wheezing.4. Discuss the potential complications of aspiration of vomitus. Post 1- By SavanahHi there Everyone!Mr. J, a 42-year-old, male1.) Using the ABCDE’s of Melanoma, we can see that Mr. J’s recent skin changes are an indication of malignant melanoma. When monitoring skin conditions, as we know per lecture, it is important to stay vigilant of any changes in Appearance, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolution. Mr. J reported that he has initially noticed a change in his nevus size and color, stating that they had become larger and darker recently. And Mr. J only became concerns about the nevus once it became textured and “bumpy” after which thankfully Mr. J decided to seek treatment. Per Mr. J’s reporting we can note that his nevus changed in appearance, color, and diameter which raises red flags of melanomas. 2.) Mr. J’s bone pain is significant because it is a symptom of Multiple/Plasma Cell Myeloma a condition in which malignant cells metastasized into the lymphatic system and from there infiltrate the bone marrow of long bones (Hubert, 2018). As the number of malignant B lymphocytes increases, they replaced the available bone marrow which means a lack of production of blood cells and antibodies (Hubert, 2018). This can result in weakened or destroyed bones and a further suppressed immune system available to defend against foreign invaders. 3.) For specifically Plasma Cell Myeloma there are eight different modes of treatment used to combat this take over; chemotherapy and high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell usage, corticosteroids, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation, surgery, and finally close observation (NCI, 2021). And this type of cancer has a “median survival rate of 3 years”, which is sadly not a very long time for a grandfather to spend with his grandson (Hubert, 2018). However specifically for malignant melanoma, if caught early sometimes surgery is the only treatment necessary but in Mr. J’s case, he might need some previously stated treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy (ACS, n.d). Sammy, a 3-year-old, male1.) Aspirating vomitus is a “well-known clinicopathological phenomenon” and has lead to fatalities amongst underwater drivers however, it’s especially dangerous because there is nowhere for the vomit to go inside a diving mask, and because of the environment and pressure drivers often cannot surface fast enough to alleviate suffocation by vomitus (Novomesky, 2018) For similar reasons, aspirating of his vomitus is dangerous for Sammy because the content of his stomach may not be entirely liquified (especially because they reported recently eating) and any solid chunk may not be able to be coughed up and can result in asphyxiation and death. However, aspiration can affect Sammy’s lung differently, “the right lower lung is often the destination of aspirated material because anatomically the right-branching bronchus tends to continue almost straight down, whereas the bronchus in the left lung branches at a sharper angle” (Hubert, 2018).2.) Sammy told his grandfather that his stomach was upset before he went and said done, that detail indicated to me that Sammy may have either acquired a case of gastroenteritis by coming into contact with some pathogen via some improperly prepared food, possibly some unwashed hands, or other means. Additional options include Sammy having some sort of food intolerance and vomiting was his body’s way of rejecting that food or even perhaps Sammy may have overeaten and when he laid down gravity was unable to assist in keeping his contents in his stomach. 3.) Sammy may be coughing and wheezing because of the inflammatory and reflex responses that follow aspiration of food or fluid, in this case, vomitus. The reflex of the lungs is going to be to expel as much of the invasive substance as it can (Hubert, 2018). Vomit is also acidic so the lungs will secrete mucosa to protect themselves from the harmful effects on the sensitive lung tissue which can add to any wheezing or gargling that Sammy is already experiencing because of the presence of foreign substances inhibiting alveoli inflation (Hubert, 2018).4.) Aspirating on vomitus can frequently lead to the complication of aspiration pneumonia because the stomach acid in vomit can be very irritating to the lung tissue and if the cause of the vomiting is bacterial gastroenteritis then that bacteria can enter the lungs and cause pneumonia (Hubert, 2018).Prost! ReferencesAmerican Cancer Society. (n.d.). Treating melanoma skin cancer: How is melanoma treated? American Cancer Society. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer/treating.html (Links to an external site.). Hubert, R. (2018). Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions (6th Edition). Elsevier Health Sciences (US). https://ambassadored.vitalsource.com/books/9780323414425 (Links to an external site.)National Institute of Health. (2021, July 6). Plasma cell neoplasms (including multiple myeloma) treatment (PDQ®)-patient version. National Cancer Institute. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/patient/myeloma-treatment-pdq (Links to an external site.). Novomeský, F., Janík, M., Hájek, M., Krajčovič, J., & Straka, L. (2018, March 31). Vomiting and aspiration of gastric contents: A possible life-threatening combination in underwater diving. Diving and hyperbaric medicine. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6467823/ (Links to an external site.). Post 2- By Victoria1. Relate Mr. J’s skin changes to the warning signs for malignant melanoma. The skin changes that Mr. J was experiencing regarding the mole were that it was getting bigger, darker, and within a month, it had also appeared to be bumpy. These three signs can be suspected of malignancy, “nevi that grow; change shape, color, size, or texture; or bleed” (Hubert, 2018 p.157) Most significantly that it grew within only a month of appearing. To help further identify the warning signs, the “ABCD” can be used.2. Discuss the normal progression of this malignancy. What is the significance of the bone pain that Mr. J is experiencing? “Melanoma cells are derived from normal melanocytes due to various extrinsic and intrinsic factors; the immune response strongly influences the development and progression of melanoma” (Vlaykova et al., 2020). Mr. J’s constant exposure to the sun could have highly played a part in melanoma progression. If it had grown within a month, it could have metastasized through the blood or lymphatic system. “Melanomas grow quickly, extending down into the tissues, the metastasize quickly to the regional lymph nodes and then to other organs” (Hubert, 2018 p.158). This may explain the pain that Mr. J is experiencing in his right shin.3. Discuss the treatment available for this patient and the prognosis for recovery. If Mr. J’s melanoma hasn’t metastasized, then it can be surgically removed and in other cases, “additionally radiation and chemotherapy now provide a 5-year survival rate of approximately 99% in cases of localized tumors and 7% to 70% in cases in which the tumor has invaded or metastasized” this all depends on how far it has metastasized and what surrounding tissues have been affected. (Hubert, 2018 p. 158)1. Discuss the specific effects of aspirating vomitus on Sammy, including the probable effects on his bronchi and lungs. Why might one lung be affected more than the other?In aspirating vomitus, Sammy could have potentially irritated his throat because of the gastric juices in the vomitus, leading to inflammation and perhaps a burning sensation. Furthermore, it can become difficult for the lungs to expand, hence breathing problems. “The right lower lung is often the destination of aspirated material because anatomically the right-branching bronchus tends to continue almost straight down, whereas the bronchus in the left lung branches at a sharper angle” (Hubert, 2018 p. 298).2. Discuss the pathophysiologic changes causing the signs and symptoms and any tests required to clarify the effects on Sammy. Common signs and symptoms of aspiration include but are not limited to “coughing and choking with marked dyspnea, wheezing, nasal flaring, chest retractions, and marked hypoxia” (Hubert, 2018 p. 299). Additionally, if Sammy was lying on his back, the risk of aspirating vomit is much higher. If sick, lay on the side of the body to avoid aspiration. To clarify the effects on Sammy and to prevent further complications, a chest x-ray can be done.3. Suggest some reasons for Sammy’s difficulty breathing and wheezing.Reasons for Sammy’s difficulty in breathing and wheezing are the obstruction to the airway, a narrow airway because of inflammation, and the lungs not expanding.4. Discuss the potential complications of aspiration of vomitus.Further complications of aspiration include respiratory distress syndrome concerning inflammation, an infection can occur, and “if aspirated in large amounts, may be absorbed into the blood and cause systemic effects” (Hubert, 2018 p. 298)References:Hubert, R. (2018). Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions (6th Edition). Elsevier Health Sciences (US). https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9780323414425 (Links to an external site.)Vlaykova, T., Kurzawski, M., Tacheva, T., Dimov, D., Anastasov, A., Vlaykova, D., Miteva, A., O’Donoghue, N., & Drozdzik, M. (2020). Effects of the IL6 ‑174G>C promoter polymorphism and IL‑6 serum levels on the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Oncology Letters, 20(2), 1781-1791. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11740 Health Science Science Nursing NURSING 21 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)