Please help me with the 2 discussion post response?

Question Please help me with the 2 discussion post response?Responds to 2 classmates postReply to classmates with a meaningful post. The posts should further the conversation, not simply say how much you enjoyed their post. You do not need to have–references for the peer replies unless they are warranted. If you are using sources-Please make sure you use-APA….format-to response-these posts and please don’t forget to add your-references in the paragraphs.Post: 1JL, a 50-year-old woman, was camping with her 3 children and spouse, fell and broke the left tibia at the ankle. She is in the emergency department, waiting for the fracture to be immobilized. The leg hurts and she note that the ankle is swelling. A diagnosis of a simple fracture and sprain (damage to ligaments) is made.What is the cause of pain and swelling? What can JL expect in the days to come as inflammation resolves and healing begins?Pain receptors are activated after bradykinin is released at the injured cell site. The stimulation of pain will cause mast cells to release histamine. A combination of both bradykinin and histamine causes capillary dilation, capillary permeability, and increased blood flow. This allows cells to more easily reach the site of injury and begin healing. Because of the soft tissue damage that occurs in a fracture, inflammation occurs (Hubert & VanMeter, 2018). Inflammation and swelling will also be evident of a sprain. After the ligament tears, inflammation and the formation of granulation tissue begin the healing process. Collagen links the tear with new fibrous tissue (Hubert & VanMeter, 2018). JL can expect a decrease in mobility and the need to modify daily activities. She can also expect that the site of injury will remain swollen and be warm for a couple of days. As her nurse, we can recommend her to take ibuprofen to decrease side effects. We can also emphasize the importance of good nutrition in the healing process for any injury (Chamberlain, 2021). Another important note to educate JL on maintaining good circulation around her ankle. She is going to wrap it tight enough to keep it stable but not too tight to where circulation is depleted. What is the rationale for immobilizing the fractured bone?A simple fracture is one in which there is a single break in the bone. The ends of the bone remain in position and alignment (Hubert & VanMeter, 2018). Because there is not a large gap between the two ends, the bone will be able to repair at a quicker rate. Immbolization is crucial to prevent the bones from becomes unaligned as well as preventing a weak bridge of tissue from developing (Hubert & VanMeter, 2018). JL’s son Matt, age 10 years, has a runny nose and itchy eyes and is irritable. The camping tent was set up in a grassy field, and the boys played several games on the field. Matt is also seen by a health care provider and a diagnosis of allergy to pollen is made. Explain the rationale for each of Matt’s symptoms.Identify the type of immune response involved. Matt is experiencing the innate immune response (Hosoki, et. al., 2015). Matt’s body is viewing the pollen as an unwanted pathogen it needs to get rid of. Allergies are a type of inflammatory response to bring in cells and fluid to get rid of the pollen. Sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes are ways in which the body is using its secretions to rid the body of pollen. This is part of its first line of defense. Once the pollen elicits the inflammation response, specific antibodies recognize the foreign particles and try to destroy them. Discuss what Matt can expect in the future. Matt can expect that his future reactions to the pollen will not be as severe. His body now has the antibodies saved in its “memory”. This allows for a more rapid immune response with higher antibody levels to combat the inflammatory response of the pollen. With the aid of nasal sprays, anti congestives, and allergic medication Matt will physically be more comfortable as his body fights against the allergy. ReferencesChamberlain University, College of Nursing. (2021, August). Week 2: Alternations in Mechanisms of Defense. https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/88604/modules. Hosoki, K., Boldogh, I., & Sur, S. (2015). Innate responses to pollen allergens. Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 15(1), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1097/aci.0000000000000136 Hubert, R. J., & VanMeter, K. C. (2018). Gould’s Pathophysiology for the health professions. Elsevier.Post 2: JL, a 50-year-old woman, was camping with her 3 children and spouse, fell and broke the left tibia at the ankle. She is in the emergency department, waiting for the fracture to be immobilized. The leg hurts and she note that the ankle is swelling. A diagnosis of a simple fracture and sprain (damage to ligaments) is made.What is the cause of pain and swelling? What can JL expect in the days to come as inflammation resolves and healing begins?JL has a simple fracture of her left tibia at the ankle. This means that her fracture has a single break, yet maintains it’s alignment and position relative to the ankle. The reason why there is inflammation to the area is due to the break of the bones and the bleeding occurring from the blood vessels in the bone and periosteum. In addition, there was more than likely also inflammation going on due to the development of a hematoma around the bone from soft tissue damage that occurred from the event that led to the bone fracture. The hematoma serves as a basis for the creation of a fibrin network in which new capillaries will extend into this tissue, and phagocytes as well as fibroblasts will then migrate to it. Chondroblasts will then begin to form cartilage, creating a fibrocartilaginous callus, or a bridge for which osteoblasts will utilize to repair the bone. The osteoblasts will generate new bone to replace that callus and lay down a bony callus until eventually, the bone begins to assume a more normal appearance (Hubert, 2017)What is the rationale for immobilizing the fractured bone?The reason as to why the fractured bone was immobilized was to prevent the bone from moving out of alignment and healing incorrectly. Other reasons for immobilizing the fracture would also include minimizing swelling, muscle spasms, and/or protecting from any future damage (Cleveland Clinic, 2020)JL’s son Matt, age 10 years, has a runny nose and itchy eyes and is irritable. The camping tent was set up in a grassy field, and the boys played several games on the field. Matt is also seen by a health care provider and a diagnosis of allergy to pollen is made.Explain the rationale for each of Matt’s symptoms.Matt’s pollen allergy is being experienced in his nasal mucosa. This is what is triggering the runny nose. Since the nasal mucosa is continuous with the mucosa from the sinuses and the conjunctiva of the eyelid, his eyes are also consequently impacted by his allergy, which is what’s causing the itchy eyes (Hubert, 2017). Due to his symptoms, and how uncomfortable they are to experience, could be a reason as to why Matt is also being irritable. Identify the type of immune response involved. Matt appears to be experiencing a Type I allergic response, from which he appears to be having a kind of nasal rhinitis, as evidenced by increased capillary permeability to his nasal mucosa and itching of his eyes (Hubert, 2017).Discuss what Matt can expect in the future. Fortunately for Matt, his current allergies are seasonal. This means that he’ll more than likely only be exposed to pollen during the spring or summer months. In that time, he would benefit from carrying with him some antihistamine drugs, such as Benadryl, which will help block the response of the tissues to the released histamine from his allergic reaction (Hubert, 2017). Unless Matt’s symptoms get worse or later lead to an anaphylactic reaction, then this would be all the treatment he would need.ReferenceCleveland Clinic. (2020). Bone Fractures. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15241-bone-fracturesHubert, R. (2017). Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions (6th Edition). Elsevier Health Sciences (US). https://ambassadored.vitalsource.com/books/9780323414425 Health Science Science Nursing HEALTH ASS 304 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)