Indicate your answer to the following case presentations- highlight your choice There may be more than one answer for some questions, keep in mind…

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Question Answered step-by-step ·        Indicate your answer to the following case presentations- highlight your choice·        There may be more than one answer for some questions, keep in mind the relation of glutamate pathway dysfunction to dopamine pathway dysfunction.·        Defend your answer following each question. The defense should be a SHORT response to support your answer choice, nothing beyond a few sentences. ·        Cite the text at the bottom of this assignment- there is no need to repeat citations for every defense if you’re only using Stahl’s as your reference. ·        If you choose to cite any additional resources beyond the text, include it with the respective questionPatient #1Jane Smith is 25yo female diagnosed with schizophrenia. Jane presents with delusions & hallucinations. She states “I think people are talking about me, they’re out to get me because I know the secret mission”. She claims to see their faces “peeking through the windows”. The PMHNP bases the symptoms of this presentation on the possible dysfunction of: (select all that apply)a.     Mesolimbic dopamine pathway b.     Cortico-brainstem glutamate pathway c.      Mesocortical dopamine pathway projecting to the VMPFCd.     Mesocortical dopamine pathway projecting to the DLPFCDefense: a.     Jane smith dramatizes positive symptoms of psychosis and schizophrenia which are delusions (persecutory  )and hallucination (auditory and visual) hypothesized as related to the malfunctioning of the mesolimbic circuit involving the nucleus accumbens. The PMHNP bases the positive  schizophrenia symptoms of this presentation specifically , on the hypothesis related to the hyperactivity within the Mesolimbic dopamine pathway ( which schemes from  the ventral tegmental area of the brain to the nucleus accumbens in the ventral striatum of the limbic system) accounts for the positive  schizophrenic symptoms. The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Patient #2Bob Brown is 27yo male diagnosed with schizophrenia. While interviewing Bob, the PMHNP notes his responses are limited and passive. Bob uses few words when responding and rarely makes eye contact. Bob also states, “I really don’t have too many friends, because I just don’t see the point in going out.” The PMHNP bases the symptoms of this presentation on the possible dysfunction of: (select all that apply)a.     Excess dopamineb.     Excess glutamate c.      The Mesocortical dopamine pathway  d.     The Cortico-striatal glutamate pathwayDefense:Patient #3Jean Thompson is 32yo female diagnosed with schizophrenia. Jean expresses concern to the PMHNP that she finds it difficult to enjoy activities that were once pleasurable. This has caused Jean to become isolated and limited in her social interactions. As a consequence, Jean frequently smokes marijuana and drinks heavily. She states “this helps me when I am alone and prevents the voices from provoking me”. The PMHNP may attribute Jean’s substance abuse problems to a possible overlap of negative symptoms with dysfunction of the:a.   Nucleus accumbens.  b.     Striatum c.      Thalamusd.     Hypothalamus Defense:Patient #4Sam Roberts is 21yo male diagnosed with schizophrenia. Sam is currently enrolled in a BOCES program to obtain a certificate as a mechanic. Sam’s history reveals he often struggled through high school and had difficulty obtaining his GED. The PMHNP notes that Sam has problems related to serial learning, prioritization, concentration, and problem solving. The PMHNP is aware that this patient has a problem with real-world functioning due to possible dysfunction of:a.     The DLPFC in the mesocortical dopamine pathway b.     The VMPFC in the mesocortical dopamine pathwayc.      The amygdala in the mesocortical dopamine pathwayd.     The cortical-brainstem glutamate pathway Defense:Underativity of dopamine in the mesocortical dopamine pathway re  Health Science Science Nursing NURS 682 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)

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