In the essay A Small Place by Jamaica Kincaid what effect does her…

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Question Answered step-by-step In the essay A Small Place by Jamaica Kincaid what effect does her… In the essay A Small Place by Jamaica Kincaid what effect does her uses of second person narrative have on the reader? Arts & Humanities Writing WR 121 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)

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Question Answered step-by-step To prepare: Review this week's Learning Resources and reflect on... To prepare:Review this week's Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide on family assessment. Be sure to review the resource on psychotherapy genograms.Download the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note Template and review the requirements of the documentation. There is also an exemplar provided with detailed guidance and examples.View the Mother and Daughter: A Cultural Tale video in the Learning Resources and consider how you might assess the family in the case study.The AssignmentDocument the following for the family in the video, using the Comprehensive Evaluation Note Template: Chief complaintHistory of present illnessPast psychiatric historySubstance use historyFamily psychiatric/substance use historyPsychosocial history/Developmental historyMedical historyReview of systems (ROS)Physical assessment (if applicable)Mental status examDifferential diagnosis—Include a minimum of three differential diagnoses and include how you derived each diagnosis in accordance with DSM-5 diagnostic criteriaCase formulation and treatment planInclude a psychotherapy genogram for the familyNote: For any item you are unable to address from the video, explain how you would gather this information and why it is important for diagnosis and treatment planning. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Subjective:CC (chief complaint): I would like to learn to live my life by myself. I depend on my kids a lot because in our customs when the parents get old and have hard walking and caring for themselves, the children help.HPI: A 40-year-old female (mother) from Iran and her five children: three girls (Sheela is 24-year-old, Sharleen 23-year-old (currently present in the family therapy), and Shireen 21-year-old and two boys (Armin Jr., 18-year-old and Sam, 15-year-old). They are Iranian descent and have been in individual and family therapy for 18 months. Pattie, the mother, presented the clinic secondary to problems after her daughter was finally reunited in the home with the family after ten years. The family was happy initially, but after a few weeks, Shireen told her mother and siblings about her father's emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. She felt abandoned by her mother. Pattie needed surgery on both her feet after an injury, leaving her disabled and with chronic pain. The surgery and disability have increased tension and stress in the home. Pattie lives with her two sons, and her daughter lives alone. Shireen recently moved out from their mother's house and married someone the family does not know and now has little contact with family. Mother sees Sheela daily. Pattie has been felt alone, depressed, hopeless, and helpless and wants her daughters to stay and spend time with her. A psychiatric provider has been referred for medication management. (Include psychiatric ROS rule out)Past Psychiatric History: General Statement: The mother and her children began therapy one year and a half ago. The daughter Shireen is back living with the family after 12 years of separation. Shireen told the family her biological father had sexually abused her. She has emotional from experiencing trauma with blame, guilt, shame, and increasing pressure by the family.Caregivers (if applicable): NoneHospitalizations: Mother denies any past psychiatric history and denies past psychiatric hospitalization. The client denies any history of substance abuse. The mother denies any suicide or homicide attempts. The client has had past bilateral feet surgeries due to arthritis, hammer toe, and severe plantar fasciitis with no relief for two years. The client was hospitalized overnight for each foot surgery.Medication trials: Lexapro 10 mg each morning for the depression with minimal relief. Pattie feels helpless and hopeless three to four times a week. Lexapro 20 mg by mouth daily 4 weeks ago. Patient reports no side effects from the Lexapro. Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis: Family has been in individual and family therapy over the last eighteen months. Shireen came in for one time, and she stopped attending and refuses to continue to follow at present. The family has come to therapy together five times. The stress factor is Pattie had foot surgery in the last six months, and she cannot work related to the disabled condition of her feet that arthritis has caused. Substance Current Use and History: Pattie drinks caffeinated beverages daily but denies smoking or drinking alcohol.Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History: Pattie denies substance or alcohol use. She is not aware that her family has any abused drugs or alcohol problems. Her husband drinks alcohol daily. However, he has not received alcoholism treatment. Pattie denies any previous psychiatric treatment in herself or her family. Psychosocial History: Pattie was born in Iran and raised by her parents. She is an only child. At 14, Pattie's parents arranged for her to marry Armin, a prominent automobile company supervisor in Iran. Pattie moved to Tehran, and Pattie gave birth to five children. Pattie stayed at home and raised the children while her husband worked and provided for the family. When her two daughters, Sheela, and Sharleen, were 11 and 12 years old, her primary doctor discovered they had medical conditions that needed treatment in the United States. Pattie came to the United States with four children. She left behind one of her daughters, Shireen. Her husband, Amir, would later come with Shireen. After years passed, Pattie did not want to return to Iran. She struggled with leaving Shireen behind and was afraid she could not return to the United Stated for her other children if she returned to Iran. During the marriage to Amir, Pattie had been abused by her husband emotionally, physically, and sexually. Pattie worked hard to bring Shireen to the United States; it took several years. She was finally able to get her daughter Shireen who was 18. After a few weeks, Shireen came to United Stated, Shireen began to tell her about her father's emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Pattie was traumatized to hear the information. Shireen was angry and blamed her mother for leaving her behind in Iran with her father. Pattie looked for help with therapy to work through the shame and guilt of the trauma. Medical History: Current Medications: Lexapro 20 mg each morning for depression and anxiety.Tramadol 100 mg po three time a day as needed for the severe painIbuprofen 800 mg by mouth twice a day as needed for mild or moderate pain.Trazodone 50 mg or 100 mg po prn at night for the sleep.Allergies: No known drug, seasonal, food allergiesReproductive Hx:Pattie is to pregnancy and birth gravidity five parity five. The patient reports no abortion nor miscarriages. The patient has been abstaining from sexual activities since she got to the United States. The patient denies any sexually transmitted disease. Pt stated she begin menses at age of fourteen. The menses have been regular every month without any significant issues.ROS: See the medical providerVital signs: T-98.6, P: 86. Hight: 63 inches (5' 3"), Weight: 108.4 kg, 239 lbs., BMI 42.0 (NIH. Gov. 2020).General: Alert and oriented x 4. Calm and cooperative with examination. No weight changes recently. No fever, chills, weakness, or fatigue was noted. Head: symmetry, Normocephalic, and atraumaticEye: Lids are normal. Gaze aligned appropriately, extraocular movements intact. Conjunctive normal, pupils are equal, round, and reactive to the right, PERRLA.Ears: symmetry. Tympanic membrane and external ears normal. No decreased hearing was noted. Neck: No JVD, Full ROM. Cardiovascular: Rate and Rhythm normal rate and regular rhythm. Heart sounds: No murmur head.Lungs: pulmonary effort is normal—no respiratory distress. Breath sounds normal breath sounds—no wheezing or rales.Abdomen: Round and large. Bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants. No tenderness.Genital/Rectal: No abnormal. Menses are regular monthly.Musculoskeletal: Normal ROM. Muscle weakness due to physical inactivity. Gait; slow and unsteady gait due to pain. Neurological: Negative for dizziness, No headaches. Skin: No clubbing or cyanosis.Toes: Arthritis, Hammertoes, great toes, bilateral incisions healed. Objective:Diagnostic results: CBC: within normal range.Assessment:Mental Status Examination: A 40-year-old Iranian female, appearing stated age. Appearance is dressed in casual clothing, groomed. Behavior normal posture and within normal limits. Patient with good eye contact. Speech is normal in rate rhythm, volume. Thought processes are logical and goal directed. Thought content is normal—no hallucination, flight of ideas, or delusional. The patient's mood is depressed and anxious. Affect is blunted at times, and the patient denies being suicidal or homicidal at present. The patient's memory is intact. Insight is good, and judgment with good concentration. The patient has no legal problems, arrests, and no pending charges. Eye contact is fair throughout the interview. Differential DiagnosisAdjustment disorder with depressed moodPattie's children are getting older, and she feels isolated. She claims that she feels hopeless and helpless when she is lonely. She wants her children to stay with her since she has difficulty adjusting to them not being at home as often. She has also had surgery in the last four months and is adjusting to not being as autonomous as she once was due to mobility and chronic pain difficulties. Pattie is experiencing sadness and hopelessness because of three identifiable stressors: recent surgeries, children moving out of the house, and grief and guilt over her daughter's View the Mother and Daughter: A Cultural Tale video prior tragedy. The patient fits the criteria (APA, 2013). In adjustment disorder, the stressor can be of any severity of type rather than the required by PTSD criteria. An adjustment disorder is also diagnosed when the symptom pattern of PTSD occurs in response to a stressor that does not meet PTSD View the Mother and Daughter: A Cultural Tale video. Depressive disorders due to grief, PTSDPatti had depressive periods to her surgeries, has been in treatment for the past 18 months and has experienced terrible events such as abuse and loss throughout her life. It is critical to determine if the medical problem is linked to depression. Depression existed before medical disease, the medical condition exacerbates depression, and the symptoms resolved after the medical condition began (APA, 2013). Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder should receive cognitive-behavioral treatment, cognitive therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocess, according to a panel of psychiatric health professionals (EMDR). Celexa, Prozac, Paxil, Lexapro, Zoloft, and Effexor are among the medications indicated ("Summary of the Clinical Practice, 2019). Not all psychopathology in individuals exposed to an extreme stressor should be attributed to PTSD. The diagnosis involves that trauma exposure precedes the onset or exacerbation of patient symptoms. The symptom response pattern to the severe stressor meets the criteria for another mental disorder, and these diagnoses should be given instead or in addition to PTSD (APA, 2013).Depressive Disorder relates to chronic pain.Pattie got more depressed following her surgeries, with thoughts of pessimism, and her desire for her daughter grew ("Mother and Daughter: A Cultural Tale," directed by Anonymous, 2003). Pattie's independence waned, and she became disinterested in things that harmed her mobility. Chronic pain has been linked to several recent research.Changes in the family dynamic might lead to family strife. Individuals can feel sad because of the family load and have more trouble controlling their discomfort (Boone & Kim, 2019). Pattie does not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for this disorder, but she enjoys spending time with her children, friends, and three dogs. An individual's suffering is influenced by relationship dynamics, interactions, and symptoms that cause pain. People might be affected positively or negatively depending on how much emotional support they receive. Tankha et al. (2020) studied people in pain and their partners.A prominent and persistent period of depressed mood or markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all activities predominates in the clinical picture. Diminishing in social, occupational, or other significant areas of functioning or The significant reasons are clinically significant distress.If the mood disturbance is reasoning a general medical condition, the clinician must first establish the presence of a known medical condition (APA, 2013).A treatment plan that includes psychotherapy interventionsCase formulation and Treatment Plan: psychotherapeutic group interventions that into        necessary the family's culture and current situationDiagnostic studies:Place an order for a thyroid panel. Thyroid hormones (THs) play key roles in modulating the overall metabolism of the body, protein synthesis, fat metabolism, neuronal and bone growth, and cardiovascular as well as renal functions (Mondal & Mugesh, 2017). Patients with thyroid disorders are more prone to develop depressive symptoms and conversely depression may be accompanied by various subtle thyroid abnormalities. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in depression (Kafle et al., 2020). Thyroid-related symptoms, including depressive symptoms, fatigue, and body mass index (Bekkering et al., 2019). Vitamin D level check for the depression and anxiety. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of vitamin D (Vit D) on anxiety and depression-like behaviors induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress and brain tissue oxidative damage criteria and neuroinflammation in rats. The results of the current research revealed that Vit D improved UCMS-induced anxiety and depression via decreasing brain oxidative stress and inhibiting neuroinflammation (Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi et al., 2021).         ReferralsDirect with a community behavioral health outpatient clinic to get treatments such as medication management from a psychiatric professional and group and art therapy from specialist at the clinic—Informed to a pain consult to examine treatment for chronic pain in both feet. Coordinate with a primary care provider for ongoing medical management. Physical therapy referral is recommended to promote mobility and avoid decompensation. Referral to a dietitian for help with weight management boosts self-esteem and encourages community involvement. Therapeutic interventions:With the patient, discourse the risks, benefits, side effects, pharmaceutical options, and the target symptoms. Gastrointestinal, decreased appetite, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth insomnia, increased suicidal ideation, and constipation are some of the side effects of Lexapro that have been studied (Stahl et al., 2021). Reviewed the importance of not stopping any medication without consulting a doctor and notifying the doctor if any side effects occur.Any medication combination was strongly discouraged. Mixing drugs, including over the counter, herbal supplements, alcohol, and illegal substances, have been discussed as potentially harmful. The necessity of abstaining from alcohol and illicit substances, which can harm a patient's mental health, depression, sleep cycle, and physical health, was discussed.Make an appointment with a psychiatric provider in one weekMake an appointment with a primary provider in five days.She has phone numbers for her children, the crisis line, emergency services, and the nearest emergency department if she has feelings of self-harm, suicide, or homicidal ideas, which she confirmed with a patient. The patient's concerns were addressed. The patient expressed her understanding of the talk and verbal agreement with the treatment plan. The patient freely signed the treatment plan.ReflectionsThe family psychotherapeutic session was conflicting with the patient and children. Pattie's suffering from depression due to many contributing factors. However, the family is trying to heal and move forward. The family got worst and went on the tension of cultural difference. It is a struggling family issue. The children have their own lives and want to have an independent and productive life. It is essential to respect the family's beliefs and differences—the goal is to find the solution for both mother and her adult children. Treatment consists of cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and psychodynamic therapy, staying active and getting physical exercise, try to get better sleep, avoid unhealthy coping mechanisms, and reduce stress  References APA. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). [MBS Direct]. https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780890425572/ Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi, H., Izadi, S., Zare Moghaddam, M., Hashemzehi, M., Hosseini, M., Azhdari-Zarmehri, H., Dinpanah, H., & Beheshti, F. (2021). Beneficial effects of vitamin D on anxiety and depression-like behaviors induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress by suppression of brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 394(4), 655-667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-020-02002-0Bekkering, G. E., Agoritsas, T., Lytvyn, L., Heen, A. F., Feller, M., Moutzouri, E., Abdulazeem, H., Aertgeerts, B., Beecher, D., Brito, J. P., Farhoumand, P. D., Singh Ospina, N., Rodondi, N., van Driel, M., Wallace, E., Snel, M., Okwen, P. M., Siemieniuk, R., Vandvik, P. O., ... Vermandere, M. (2019). ("The Controversy Continues Regarding the Management of ...") Thyroid hormones treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 365, l2006. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l2006Boone, D., & Kim, S. Y. (2019). Family Strain, Depression, and Somatic Amplification in Adults with Chronic Pain. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 26(4), 427-436. https://doi.org/waldenulibrary.org/10.1007/s12529-019-09799-y Kafle, B., Khadka, B., & Tiwari, M. L. (2020). Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction Among Depression Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre. JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 58(229), 654-658. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.5296Mondal, S., & Mugesh, G. (2017). Novel thyroid hormone analogues, enzyme inhibitors and mimetics, and their action. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 458, 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.006Mother and Daughter: A Cultural Tale., directed by Anonymous. (2003). Masterswork Productions [Video]. Alexander Street. https://video.alexanderstreet.com/watch/motherand-daughter-a-cultural-tale.Stahl, S.M., Grady, M.M., & Muntner, N. (2021). Stahl's essential psychopharmacology, Prescriber's Guide. Cambridge University PressSummary of the clinical practice guideline for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. (2019). American Psychologist, 74(5), 596-607. https://doi.org/waldenulibrary.org/10.1037/amp0000473 Tankha, H., Cano, A., Corley, A., Dillaway, H., Lumley, M. A., & Clark, S. (2020). A novel couple-based intervention for chronic pain and relationship distress: A pilot study. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 9(1), 13-32. https://doi.org/waldenulibrary.org/10.1037/cfp0000131.supp (Supplemental)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Please Revise and Proofreading for me. Thank you so much.     Health Science Science Nursing NRNP 6645 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)
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Question Answered step-by-step Matthew Quick Parkinson's disease is a disease that affects the waya person moves. Movement for a parkinson's sufferer can be slow and shaky. There are different types of parkinson's, multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP),normal pressure hydrocephalus and tremors including essential tremors, dystonic tremors, indeterminate tremors and atypical tremors. These tremors are all part of this disease and affect all patients in different ways. Parkinson's is a progressive neurological condition that affects approximately 70,000 people Australia wide, it is seen more in males than females. The average age for somebody to be diagnosed with parkinson's is over 65 but there have been cases of diagnosis in people under the age of 50. When there is something like this it is referred to as young onset parkinson's and the average life expectancy after diagnosis is 7 to 14 years. A diagnosis should always be done by a specialist. A diagnosis is not any easy...show more content...Levodopa does begin to become less effective as time goes on but another drug Dopamine Agonists takes Levodopa's place in slowing the loss of neurons. It has been proven that a set diet and forms of rehabilitation like exercise can improve symptoms of parkinson's disease. When the drugs become ineffective sufferers of parkinson's can undergo surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation which reduce motor symptoms. Other symptoms which aren't as big an issue like sleep disturbances and emotional problems can be effected by the medication that is taken. Sleep disturbances can be worse and somebody with parkinson's can also suffer sleep insomnia, 13% of people with parkinson's have sleep attacks or narcolepsy which is a neurological disorder which makes a sufferer randomly falltroke: A more mechanical term for stroke is Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA). The term stroke itself is not clearly defined and is not a precise medical term. In simple terms, stroke 'suffocates' brain tissue and often produces an area of dead or dying brain tissue. A stroke always occurs in the brain and is the most common type of cerebrovascular disease. The most frequently encountered of the cerebrovascular diseases is the Cerebrovascular accident (CVA). It was earlier called apoplexy or an apoplectic attack and is now commonly referred to as stroke. Medically speaking a stroke is a "focal neurological disorder of abrupt development due to a pathological process in blood vessels" (J. N. Walton, 1994).Minisatellites MicrosatellitesNumber within the human genome  Approximately 1500  Approximately 500000 Locations within our genome  Mostly near the ends of chromosomes (telomeres)  Scattered throughout the length of all chromosomes Unit repeat length1 Approximately 10 to >100 bp  (12) 2 to approximately 6 bp  Number of repeat units within the array  Usually from approximately 60 to >1000  Usually ∼6 to ∼14 Used in  DNA fingerprinting  DNA profiling; genetic linkage studies Also known as  Variable number tandem repeats (VNTR)  VNTR, short tandem repeats (STR), simple sequence repeats (SSR) Given that no two individuals look exactly alike (apart from identical twins) it will come as no surprise that this is reflected in our DNA. What is surprising is the amount of variation between us. Looking at any one human genome, compared with the reference sequence, we would find approximately 3 million SNPs, and approximately 2000 structural variants. The genomes of any two unrelated individuals will differ in approximately 0.5% of their DNA (approximately 15 million bp), and most of this variation can be attributed to CNVs and large deletions. Although much of the variation in our genome lies within the non-coding DNA, we now know that, on average, each individual has several hundred variants that are either known, or predicted, to be damaging to gene function, including roughly 85 variants that lead to truncated (incomplete) protein products. Furthermore, the total number of functional genes per human genome may vary by up to 10% between individuals as a consequence of CNVs, large deletions and loss-of-function variants. Faced with this enormous level of variation you might wonder, not why some individuals are affected by disease due to inherited 'mutations', but rather how any of us manage to remain relatively healthy! Clearly there is no requirement for all of our genes to be functional: for many genes only one working copy is required, and in other cases there appears to be a level of redundancy or plasticity built into the system. However it is becoming increasingly apparent that some of the variations in our genomes may lead to higher susceptibility to common diseases.If a new mutation occurs during embryogenesis or development this can lead to mosaicism, where some cells in the individual have that new variant while others do not. Mosaicism for a new mutation may also be present in the gonads ('gonadal mosaicism'), such that a new variant may be transmitted to less than 50% of the offspring, depending upon the percentage of gonadal cells in which the new variant is present. New mutations occurring during embryogenesis and development also generate a few differences between the genomes of identical twins.Very rarely fusion of two embryos will generate a chimera: an individual that has two genetically distinct cell lines present. Where the same sex chromosome constitution is present in both cell lines chimerism might only come to light with the observation of apparent non-maternity or non-paternity amongst offspring (where one cell line predominates in the gonads and the other predominates in blood cells). Fusion of two embryos of different sex can lead to characteristics of both genders being present, and chimerism is found in approximately 13% of cases of hermaphroditism.1. Which of David's siblings is the better choice for the donation? Why?2. What other factors will need to be assessed about the potential donor? 3 - For what symptoms should David be advised to contact his healthcare provider?4 - What precautions should David take to prevent infection?  Health Science Science Nursing Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)
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