In 2003, the Boeing Company announced plans to build a new aircraft…
QuestionAnswered step-by-stepIn 2003, the Boeing Company announced plans to build a new aircraft…In 2003, the Boeing Company announced plans to build a new aircraft model called the 7E7. The task in this case is to weigh the alternative IRRs for this project against investors required rates of return. As a result of this analysis, you should identify the value drivers and distinguish the specific gambles that Boeing is making.1. What is an appropriate required rate of return against which to evaluate theprospective IRRs from the Boeing 7E7? Which beta did you use? Why? When you used the CAPM, which risk premium and risk-free rate did youuse? Why? Which capital structure weights did you use? Why? 2. Judged against your WACC, how attractive is the Boeing 7E7 project? Under what circumstances is this project economically attractive? What does a sensitivity analysis (either the analysis presented in the caseor another that you have done on your own) reveal about the nature ofBoeing’s gamble on the 7E7? 3. Should Boeing have launched the 7E7 in 2003? Boeing Delivery Schedule DC-8 DC-9 DC-10 MD-11 MD-80 MD-90 TotalYear 707 717 727 737 747 757 767 777 Deliveries1958 8 8 1959 77 21 98 1960 91 91 182 1961 80 42 122 1962 68 22 90 1963 34 6 19 59 1964 38 95 20 153 1965 61 111 31 5 208 1966 83 135 32 69 319 1967 118 155 4 41 153 471 1968 111 160 105 102 202 680 1969 59 114 114 4 85 122 498 1970 19 55 37 92 33 51 287 1971 10 33 29 69 13 46 13 213 1972 4 41 22 30 4 32 52 185 1973 11 92 23 30 29 57 242 1974 21 91 55 22 48 47 284 1975 7 91 51 21 42 43 255 1976 9 61 41 27 50 19 207 1977 8 67 25 20 22 14 156 1978 13 118 40 32 22 18 243 1979 6 136 77 67 39 35 360 1980 3 131 92 73 18 41 5 363 1981 2 94 108 53 16 25 61 359 1982 8 26 95 26 2 20 10 11 34 232 1983 8 11 82 22 25 55 12 51 266 1984 8 8 67 16 18 29 10 44 200 1985 3 115 24 36 25 11 71 285 1986 4 141 35 35 27 17 85 344 1987 9 161 23 40 37 10 94 374 1988 165 24 48 53 10 120 420 1989 5 146 45 51 37 1 117 402 1990 4 174 70 77 60 3 139 527 1991 14 215 64 80 62 31 140 606 1992 5 218 61 99 63 42 84 572 1993 152 56 71 51 36 43 409 1994 1 121 40 69 41 17 23 312 1995 89 25 43 37 13 18 18 13 256 1996 76 26 42 43 32 15 12 25 271 1997 135 39 46 42 59 12 16 26 375 1998 281 53 54 47 74 12 8 34 563 1999 12 320 47 67 44 83 8 26 13 620 2000 32 281 25 45 44 55 4 5 491 2001 49 299 31 45 40 61 2 527 2002 20 223 27 29 35 47 381 2003 8 104 14 12 21 25 184 1010 121 1831 4483 1333 1034 913 449 556 976 446 200 1191 116 14659 Total: 1982-2001 993 857 707 717 727 737 747 757 767 777 EXHIBIT 8 Forecast of Boeing 7E7 Free Cash Flows ($ in millions) Assumptions Initial price of 7E7 $136.95 Initial price of 7E7 Stretch $170.87 Cost of goods sold (% of sales) 80% Working-capital requirement (WCR) as a % of sales 6.7% General, selling, and administrative (GS&A) as a % of sales 8% R&D expense (% of sales) 2.3% (exluding 2004-2007) Capital expenditure (% of sales) 0.16% (excluding 2004-2007) Development costs (2004-2009) $8,000.00 Total number of planes yrs 1-20 2500 Total number of planes yrs 20-30 Same as year 20 Inflation 2% Marginal effective tax rate 35% % Deliveries 1.19% 4.32% 2.54% 3.30% 3.35% 4.16% 5.46% 4.76% 7.41% 7.68% 8.76% 6.59% 5.95% 4.32% 4.59% 4.76% 5.46% 6.00% 4.81% 4.59% 4.59% 4.59% 4.59% 4.59% 4.59% 4.59% 4.59% 4.59% 4.59% 4.59% Project year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Delivery year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Revenues 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 Cumulative planes delivered 30 138 202 284 368 472 608 727 912 1104 1323 1488 1637 1745 1860 1979 2115 2265 2385 2500 2615 2730 2845 2960 3075 3190 3305 3420 3535 3650 Total number of planes delivered 30 108 64 82 84 104 136 119 185 192 219 165 149 108 115 119 136 150 120 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 7E7 planes 30 108 51 41 42 52 68 60 93 96 110 83 75 54 58 60 68 75 60 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 7E7 Stretch planes 0 0 13 41 42 52 68 59 92 96 109 82 74 54 57 59 68 75 60 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 7E7 Price $136.95 $139.69 $142.49 $145.34 $148.24 $151.21 $154.23 $157.32 $160.46 $163.67 $166.95 $170.29 $173.69 $177.17 $180.71 $184.32 $188.01 $191.77 $195.61 $199.52 $203.51 $207.58 $211.73 $215.96 $220.28 $224.69 $229.18 $233.77 $238.44 $243.21 7E7 Stretch price 170.87 174.28 177.77 181.33 184.95 188.65 192.42 196.27 200.20 204.20 208.29 212.45 216.70 221.03 225.46 229.96 234.56 239.26 244.04 248.92 253.90 258.98 264.16 269.44 274.83 280.33 285.93 291.65 Total product revenues 4,108.64 15,086.93 9,488.14 13,104.49 13,692.60 17,291.79 23,064.59 20,569.48 32,626.19 34,554.82 40,185.75 30,878.29 28,440.04 21,039.33 22,833.05 24,100.43 28,115.61 31,630.06 25,810.13 25,209.53 25,713.72 26,228.00 26,752.56 27,287.61 27,833.36 28,390.03 28,957.83 29,536.99 30,127.73 30,730.28 Cost of goods sold 3,286.91 12,069.55 7,590.51 10,483.59 10,954.08 13,833.44 18,451.67 16,455.59 26,100.95 27,643.86 32,148.60 24,702.63 22,752.03 16,831.46 18,266.44 19,280.34 22,492.49 25,304.05 20,648.10 20,167.63 20,570.98 20,982.40 21,402.05 21,830.09 22,266.69 22,712.02 23,166.26 23,629.59 24,102.18 24,584.22 Gross Profit 821.73 3,017.39 1,897.63 2,620.90 2,738.52 3,458.36 4,612.92 4,113.90 6,525.24 6,910.96 8,037.15 6,175.66 5,688.01 4,207.87 4,566.61 4,820.09 5,623.12 6,326.01 5,162.03 5,041.91 5,142.74 5,245.60 5,350.51 5,457.52 5,566.67 5,678.01 5,791.57 5,907.40 6,025.55 6,146.06 Depreciation 7.50 29.44 102.23 117.06 123.78 123.80 115.66 108.67 102.83 99.64 99.95 100.84 103.70 106.87 110.54 112.89 114.85 115.88 117.16 118.63 116.20 105.31 62.54 50.92 43.54 39.86 41.10 42.13 43.19 44.07 44.59 45.33 45.25 45.08 GS&A expense 308.15 1,131.52 711.61 982.84 1,026.94 1,296.88 1,729.84 1,542.71 2,446.96 2,591.61 3,013.93 2,315.87 2,133.00 1,577.95 1,712.48 1,807.53 2,108.67 2,372.25 1,935.76 1,890.72 1,928.53 1,967.10 2,006.44 2,046.57 2,087.50 2,129.25 2,171.84 2,215.27 2,259.58 2,304.77 Operating Profit (before R&D) (7.50) (29.44) (102.23) (117.06) 389.80 1,762.06 1,070.36 1,529.40 1,608.75 2,061.83 2,783.12 2,470.35 3,974.57 4,212.48 4,912.68 3,746.89 3,440.15 2,514.04 2,736.97 2,893.92 3,398.25 3,848.45 3,163.73 3,100.27 3,170.68 3,238.64 3,302.97 3,368.82 3,435.98 3,504.68 3,575.14 3,646.80 3,720.72 3,796.21 R&D expense 300.00 900.00 3,000.00 900.00 694.50 647.00 218.23 301.40 314.93 397.71 530.49 473.10 750.40 794.76 924.27 710.20 654.12 483.90 525.16 554.31 646.66 727.49 593.63 579.82 591.42 603.24 615.31 627.62 640.17 652.97 666.03 679.35 692.94 706.80 Pre-tax profit (307.50) (929.44) (3,102.23) (1,017.06) (304.69) 1,115.06 852.13 1,227.99 1,293.82 1,664.12 2,252.64 1,997.25 3,224.17 3,417.72 3,988.40 3,036.69 2,786.03 2,030.13 2,211.81 2,339.61 2,751.60 3,120.96 2,570.09 2,520.45 2,579.26 2,635.39 2,687.66 2,741.21 2,795.81 2,851.71 2,909.11 2,967.45 3,027.78 3,089.41 Taxes (or tax credit) (107.63) (325.30) (1,085.78) (355.97) (106.64) 390.27 298.25 429.80 452.84 582.44 788.42 699.04 1,128.46 1,196.20 1,395.94 1,062.84 975.11 710.55 774.13 818.86 963.06 1,092.33 899.53 882.16 902.74 922.39 940.68 959.42 978.53 998.10 1,018.19 1,038.61 1,059.72 1,081.29 After-tax profit (199.88) (604.13) (2,016.45) (661.09) (198.05) 724.79 553.89 798.19 840.98 1,081.68 1,464.21 1,298.21 2,095.71 2,221.52 2,592.46 1,973.85 1,810.92 1,319.59 1,437.68 1,520.75 1,788.54 2,028.62 1,670.56 1,638.29 1,676.52 1,713.00 1,746.98 1,781.78 1,817.28 1,853.61 1,890.92 1,928.84 1,968.06 2,008.12 Capital expenditure 100.00 300.00 1,000.00 300.00 206.57 124.14 15.18 20.97 21.91 27.67 36.90 32.91 52.20 55.29 64.30 49.41 45.50 33.66 36.53 38.56 44.98 50.61 41.30 40.34 41.14 41.96 42.80 43.66 44.53 45.42 46.33 47.26 48.20 49.17 Depreciation add-back 7.50 29.44 102.23 117.06 123.78 123.80 115.66 108.67 102.83 99.64 99.95 100.84 103.70 106.87 110.54 112.89 114.85 115.88 117.16 118.63 116.20 105.31 62.54 50.92 43.54 39.86 41.10 42.13 43.19 44.07 44.59 45.33 45.25 45.08 Change in WCR 275.28 735.55 (375.12) 242.30 39.40 241.15 386.78 (167.17) 807.80 129.22 377.27 (623.60) (163.36) (495.85) 120.18 84.91 269.02 235.47 (389.94) (40.24) 33.78 34.46 35.15 35.85 36.57 37.30 38.04 38.80 39.58 40.37 Annual free cash flow $(292.38) $(874.70) $(2,914.22) $(844.03) $(556.13) $(11.09) $1,029.48 $643.60 $882.50 $912.51 $1,140.48 $1,533.31 $1,339.41 $2,143.88 $2,261.44 $2,660.94 $2,043.63 $1,897.65 $1,398.13 $1,515.90 $1,590.73 $1,847.86 $2,081.74 $1,689.12 $1,645.13 $1,676.45 $1,710.13 $1,744.41 $1,779.37 $1,814.96 $1,851.14 $1,888.10 $1,925.52 $1,963.65 IRR 15.66% Depreciation calculations (not part of exhibit), double declining balance Depreciation factor: 150% Depreciation component. Cap exp made in 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2004 $100.00 $7.50 $6.94 $6.42 $5.94 $5.49 $5.08 $4.70 $4.46 $4.46 $4.46 $4.46 $4.46 $4.46 $4.46 $4.46 $4.46 $4.46 $4.46 $4.46 $4.46 2005 $300.00 $22.50 $20.81 $19.25 $17.81 $16.47 $15.24 $14.09 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 2006 $1,000.00 $75.00 $69.38 $64.17 $59.36 $54.91 $50.79 $46.98 $44.57 $44.57 $44.57 $44.57 $44.57 $44.57 $44.57 $44.57 $44.57 $44.57 $44.57 $44.57 $44.57 2007 $300.00 $22.50 $20.81 $19.25 $17.81 $16.47 $15.24 $14.09 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 $13.37 2008 $206.57 $15.49 $14.33 $13.26 $12.26 $11.34 $10.49 $9.70 $9.21 $9.21 $9.21 $9.21 $9.21 $9.21 $9.21 $9.21 $9.21 $9.21 $9.21 $9.21 $9.21 2009 $124.14 $9.31 $8.61 $7.97 $7.37 $6.82 $6.30 $5.83 $5.53 $5.53 $5.53 $5.53 $5.53 $5.53 $5.53 $5.53 $5.53 $5.53 $5.53 $5.53 $5.53 2010 $15.18 $1.14 $1.05 $0.97 $0.90 $0.83 $0.77 $0.71 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 2011 $20.97 $1.57 $1.45 $1.35 $1.24 $1.15 $1.06 $0.99 $0.93 $0.93 $0.93 $0.93 $0.93 $0.93 $0.93 $0.93 $0.93 $0.93 $0.93 $0.93 $0.93 2012 $21.91 $1.64 $1.52 $1.41 $1.30 $1.20 $1.11 $1.03 $0.98 $0.98 $0.98 $0.98 $0.98 $0.98 $0.98 $0.98 $0.98 $0.98 $0.98 $0.98 $0.98 2013 $27.67 $2.08 $1.92 $1.78 $1.64 $1.52 $1.41 $1.30 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 2014 $36.90 $2.77 $2.56 $2.37 $2.19 $2.03 $1.87 $1.73 $1.64 $1.64 $1.64 $1.64 $1.64 $1.64 $1.64 $1.64 $1.64 $1.64 $1.64 $1.64 $1.64 2015 $32.91 $2.47 $2.28 $2.11 $1.95 $1.81 $1.67 $1.55 $1.47 $1.47 $1.47 $1.47 $1.47 $1.47 $1.47 $1.47 $1.47 $1.47 $1.47 $1.47 $1.47 2016 $52.20 $3.92 $3.62 $3.35 $3.10 $2.87 $2.65 $2.45 $2.33 $2.33 $2.33 $2.33 $2.33 $2.33 $2.33 $2.33 $2.33 $2.33 $2.33 $2.33 $2.33 2017 $55.29 $4.15 $3.84 $3.55 $3.28 $3.04 $2.81 $2.60 $2.46 $2.46 $2.46 $2.46 $2.46 $2.46 $2.46 $2.46 $2.46 $2.46 $2.46 $2.46 $2.46 2018 $64.30 $4.82 $4.46 $4.13 $3.82 $3.53 $3.27 $3.02 $2.87 $2.87 $2.87 $2.87 $2.87 $2.87 $2.87 $2.87 $2.87 $2.87 $2.87 $2.87 $2.87 2019 $49.41 $3.71 $3.43 $3.17 $2.93 $2.71 $2.51 $2.32 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 2020 $45.50 $3.41 $3.16 $2.92 $2.70 $2.50 $2.31 $2.14 $2.03 $2.03 $2.03 $2.03 $2.03 $2.03 $2.03 $2.03 $2.03 $2.03 $2.03 $2.03 $2.03 2021 $33.66 $2.52 $2.34 $2.16 $2.00 $1.85 $1.71 $1.58 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 2022 $36.53 $2.74 $2.53 $2.34 $2.17 $2.01 $1.86 $1.72 $1.63 $1.63 $1.63 $1.63 $1.63 $1.63 $1.63 $1.63 $1.63 $1.63 $1.63 $1.63 $1.63 2023 $38.56 $2.89 $2.68 $2.47 $2.29 $2.12 $1.96 $1.81 $1.72 $1.72 $1.72 $1.72 $1.72 $1.72 $1.72 $1.72 $1.72 $1.72 $1.72 $1.72 $1.72 2024 $44.98 $3.37 $3.12 $2.89 $2.67 $2.47 $2.28 $2.11 $2.01 $2.01 $2.01 $2.01 $2.01 $2.01 $2.01 $2.01 $2.01 $2.01 $2.01 $2.01 $2.01 2025 $50.61 $3.80 $3.51 $3.25 $3.00 $2.78 $2.57 $2.38 $2.26 $2.26 $2.26 $2.26 $2.26 $2.26 $2.26 $2.26 $2.26 $2.26 $2.26 $2.26 $2.26 2026 $41.30 $3.10 $2.86 $2.65 $2.45 $2.27 $2.10 $1.94 $1.84 $1.84 $1.84 $1.84 $1.84 $1.84 $1.84 $1.84 $1.84 $1.84 $1.84 $1.84 $1.84 2027 $40.34 $3.03 $2.80 $2.59 $2.39 $2.21 $2.05 $1.89 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 2028 $41.14 $3.09 $2.85 $2.64 $2.44 $2.26 $2.09 $1.93 $1.83 $1.83 $1.83 $1.83 $1.83 $1.83 $1.83 $1.83 $1.83 $1.83 $1.83 $1.83 $1.83 2029 $41.96 $3.15 $2.91 $2.69 $2.49 $2.30 $2.13 $1.97 $1.87 $1.87 $1.87 $1.87 $1.87 $1.87 $1.87 $1.87 $1.87 $1.87 $1.87 $1.87 $1.87 2030 $42.80 $3.21 $2.97 $2.75 $2.54 $2.35 $2.17 $2.01 $1.91 $1.91 $1.91 $1.91 $1.91 $1.91 $1.91 $1.91 $1.91 $1.91 $1.91 $1.91 $1.91 2031 $43.66 $3.27 $3.03 $2.80 $2.59 $2.40 $2.22 $2.05 $1.95 $1.95 $1.95 $1.95 $1.95 $1.95 $1.95 $1.95 $1.95 $1.95 $1.95 $1.95 $1.95 2032 $44.53 $3.34 $3.09 $2.86 $2.64 $2.45 $2.26 $2.09 $1.98 $1.98 $1.98 $1.98 $1.98 $1.98 $1.98 $1.98 $1.98 $1.98 $1.98 $1.98 $1.98 2033 $45.42 $3.41 $3.15 $2.91 $2.70 $2.49 $2.31 $2.13 $2.02 $2.02 $2.02 $2.02 $2.02 $2.02 $2.02 $2.02 $2.02 $2.02 $2.02 $2.02 $2.02 2034 $46.33 $3.47 $3.21 $2.97 $2.75 $2.54 $2.35 $2.18 $2.07 $2.07 $2.07 $2.07 $2.07 $2.07 $2.07 $2.07 $2.07 $2.07 $2.07 $2.07 $2.07 2035 $47.26 $3.54 $3.28 $3.03 $2.81 $2.59 $2.40 $2.22 $2.11 $2.11 $2.11 $2.11 $2.11 $2.11 $2.11 $2.11 $2.11 $2.11 $2.11 $2.11 $2.11 2036 $48.20 $3.62 $3.34 $3.09 $2.86 $2.65 $2.45 $2.26 $2.15 $2.15 $2.15 $2.15 $2.15 $2.15 $2.15 $2.15 $2.15 $2.15 $2.15 $2.15 $2.15 2037 $49.17 $3.69 $3.41 $3.16 $2.92 $2.70 $2.50 $2.31 $2.19 $2.19 $2.19 $2.19 $2.19 $2.19 $2.19 $2.19 $2.19 $2.19 $2.19 $2.19 $2.19 Depreciation $7.50 $29.44 $102.23 $117.06 $123.78 $123.80 $115.66 $108.67 $102.83 $99.64 $99.95 $100.84 $103.70 $106.87 $110.54 $112.89 $114.85 $115.88 $117.16 $118.63 $116.20 $105.31 $62.54 $50.92 $43.54 $39.86 $41.10 $42.13 $43.19 $44.07 $44.59 $45.33 $45.25 $45.08 WCR $275.28 $1,010.82 $635.71 $878.00 $917.40 $1,158.55 $1,545.33 $1,378.16 $2,185.95 $2,315.17 $2,692.45 $2,068.85 $1,905.48 $1,409.63 $1,529.81 $1,614.73 $1,883.75 $2,119.21 $1,729.28 $1,689.04 $1,722.82 $1,757.28 $1,792.42 $1,828.27 $1,864.84 $1,902.13 $1,940.17 $1,978.98 $2,018.56 $2,058.93 EXHIBIT 9 Sensitivity Analysis of Project IRR’s by Price, Volume, Development Costs and Cost of Goods SoldUnit Volume (First 20 Years) Price Premium 15.66% 0% 5% 10% 15%1500 10.5% 10.9% 11.3% 11.7%1750 11.9% 12.3% 12.7% 13.1%2000 13.0% 13.5% 13.9% 14.4%2250 14.1% 14.6% 15.1% 15.5%2500 15.2% 15.7% 16.1% 16.6%2750 16.1% 16.6% 17.1% 17.6%3000 17.1% 17.6% 18.1% 18.6% Development Costs COGS / Sales 15.66% 78% 80% 82% 84%$6,000,000,000 21.3% 18.7% 15.9% 12.6%$7,000,000,000 19.4% 17.0% 14.4% 11.3%$8,000,000,000 17.9% 15.7% 13.2% 10.3%$9,000,000,000 16.6% 14.5% 12.1% 9.4%$10,000,000,000 15.5% 13.5% 11.2% 8.6% Note: The section below gives key assumptions driving the model–varying these assumptions, given in yellow, allows one to test the sensitivity of IRR. Average % deliveries of total to date of 757 and 767 For First 20 Years Year % Deliveries Year %7E7 %7E7 Stretch 1 1.19% 2008 100% 0% 2 4.32% 2009 100% 0% 3 2.54% 2010 80% 20% 4 3.30% 2011 50% 50% Year 4-30 (Need to modify Exhibit 8 spreadsheet construction if the 50% is changed)5 3.35% 2012 6 4.16% 2013 7 5.46% 2014 8 4.76% 2015 9 7.41% 2016 10 7.68% 2017 11 8.76% 2018 12 6.59% 2019 13 5.95% 2020 14 4.32% 2021 15 4.59% 2022 16 4.76% 2023 17 5.46% 2024 18 6.00% 2025 19 4.81% 2026 20 4.59% 2027 21-30 4.59% Deliveries in years 1-20 2500 Deliveries in years 21-30 Same as year 20 Development costs $8,000,000,000 Composition of development costs: Capital Expenditures 25% R&D 75% Timing of development costs 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 5% 15% 50% 15% 10% 5% Minimum Price of 7E7 in 2002 U.S. $ 120500000 Minimum Price of 7E7 stretch in 2002 U.S. $ 144500000 Cheaper operating cost and other features price premium 5% Service Revenues Cost of goods sold 80% GSA percentage 7.5% R&D 2.3% Tax Expense 35% Capital Expenditures 0.16% Working capital % of sales 6.7% Inflation 2% Depreciation 150% declining balance 20 year, 0 salvage value. Calculations at bottom of exhibit 7AccountingBusinessFinancial AccountingFINANCIAL 312Share Question


