Head & FaceAnatomy review (lymph nodes, sinuses, salivary glands, thyroid gland)

Question Answered step-by-step Head & FaceAnatomy review (lymph nodes, sinuses, salivary glands, thyroid gland)What is the anterior and posterior fontanel?  Where are they located?  What should they look like?  What age do they close?Normal changes in skin & muscle as one ages.How does head size change from newborn to adult.  What age should we be measuring head circumference and why?  EyesDo you know the external and internal anatomy of the eye?  Do you understand the visual pathways and visual fields? Do you know what the 4 most common causes of decreased visual function in older adults are? We will discuss the details of each of this causes in Advanced diagnostics but you should know what often causes a decline in visual function in this course.Do you understand how to test for accommodation, visual acuity, pupillary light reflex (direct and consensual), corneal light reflex, the 6 cardinal fields of gaze (CN III, IV, and VI), & peripheral vision?Why do you turn the light off when examining the internal structures of the eye?What are you looking for during your physical exam?How do you test visual acuity?  (be familiar with the Allen test & Snellen E chart that is used to asses vision.  What ages are these 2 visual acuity tests used?  What is considered normal vision and when should you be concerned (note: review the National Society for Prevention of Blindness criteria for referral).How would you assess visual acuity in a newborn?Can you explain what the Snellen Results mean?  When documenting be sure to document the words (with or without correction).  It is important to know if the person being examined was wearing contact lens or glasses during Snellen exam.What is color blindness, who is more likely to suffer from color blindness, and what percentage of the Caucasian and Black population does it affect?What does palpebral fissure mean?  What does a normal palpebral fissure look like?What does the term strabismus mean? When should you be evaluating for possible strabismus?What does the term nystagmus mean and is ever normal?What does the term amblyopia mean?What does the term diplopia mean?What do the terms myopia and hyperopia mean?What is the function of the lacrimal ducts?What is the cover test?Why is it important to screen for glaucoma?  What part of the eye exam would lead an Advanced Practice Nurse to worry about the possibility of glaucoma?  In Health Assessment you just need to know what the signs are that would suggest possible glaucoma so you can refer to eye specialist.   In advanced diagnostics you will discuss the difference between open and closed glaucoma? acute vs chronic glaucoma? Start learning early… acute closed angle glaucoma is a serious concern… it can develop within a few hours and cause blindness if not treated promptly.What does a normal optic disc look like?  How do you assess the optic disc?Is vision loss normal with age? If it is, what changes?ReferenceMcCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th ed.) St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier  Health Science Science Nursing NURSING 74-704 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)