Evaluating Causal Arguments A causal argument passes the true…

Question Answered step-by-step Evaluating Causal Arguments A causal argument passes the true… Evaluating Causal ArgumentsA causal argument passes the true premise when all its premises are true or can be assumed to be “uncontroversially true.” A causal argument passes the proper form test when it can be put into standard form. Remember, analogical arguments and statistical arguments pass the proper form test when they can be put into their standard form and another element is present. In analogical arguments, the additional element is the presence of many important relevant similarities and the absence of important relevant dissimilarities. In statistical arguments, the additional element is a sufficiently representative sample. But in causal arguments there is no additional element. All that is needed for a causal argument to pass the proper form test is the that all the information needed to put the argument into standard form is provided by the person making the argument. To pass the proper form test, a causal argument doesn’t have to be explicitly made using the standard form. But it must be possible to put it in standard form.Question 1 (1 point)Examine the following passage containing a causal argument.”Suppose someone argued in this way, ‘Whenever my roommate is up late at night she’s drinking coffee. If she isn’t up late, then she’s not drinking any coffee. We’ve lived together for more than a year, and I can’t think of anything that would make her both stay up late and have coffee. I bet being up late makes her drink coffee.'”Which premise, if any, does the argument fail to consider?Question 1 options: Premise (1): E1 is correlated with E2. Premise (2): E2 is not the cause of E1. Premise (3): There is no E3 that is the cause of E1 and E2. Premise (4): E1 and E2 are not coincidentally correlated. None of the above.Question 2 (1 point)Examine the following passage containing a causal argument.”He can’t stop talking, and I know why. He had the Super-Tanker size of Dr. Zero about an hour ago. I’ve watched him many times. Whenever he drinks lots of Dr. Zero, he talks a blue streak. And if there is no Dr. Zero, he’s normal. There’s no way that talking is going to make him drink Dr. Zero, and there’s nothing that makes him talk a lot and drink Dr. Zero. You gotta watch it when he has had too much Dr. Zero.”Which premise, if any, does the argument fail to consider?Question 2 options: Premise (1): E1 is correlated with E2. Premise (2): E2 is not the cause of E1. Premise (3): There is no E3 that is the cause of E1 and E2. Premise (4): E1 and E2 are not coincidentally correlated. None of the above.Question 3 (1 point) Examine the following passage containing a causal argument.”Suppose someone argued in this way, ‘I’ve been noticing that every time it rains my teacher is in a bad mood. As far as I know, there’s nothing that’s causing both the rain and my teacher’s mood. And it certainly isn’t the case that my teacher’s bad mood caused the rain. So, the rain must make my teacher upset!'”Which premise, if any, does the argument fail to consider?Question 3 options: Premise (1): E1 is correlated with E2. Premise (2): E2 is not the cause of E1. Premise (3): There is no E3 that is the cause of E1 and E2. Premise (4): E1 and E2 are not coincidentally correlated. None of the above.Question 4 (1 point)Examine the following passage containing a causal argument.”Suppose that someone argued in this way, ‘I noticed that there were a lot of insects in our garbage bin, and then the other night, I saw a bunch of raccoons turn the bin over and crawl inside, rummaging around! The raccoons didn’t attract the insects of course, and when the insects weren’t there, neither were the raccoons! The insects must have attracted the raccoons!”Which premise, if any, does the argument fail to consider?Question 4 options: Premise (1): E1 is correlated with E2. Premise (2): E2 is not the cause of E1. Premise (3): There is no E3 that is the cause of E1 and E2. Premise (4): E1 and E2 are not coincidentally correlated. None of the above.Causal FallaciesFallacies are mistakes in reasoning. You have already learned a number of fallacies throughout the course, but there are several causal fallacies of which you should also be aware. In this quiz, we will focus on the hasty cause fallacy, the post hoc fallacy, and slippery slope fallacy. These fallacies are examples of bad causal arguments. Be on the look out for them.Question 5 (1 point)Consider the following passage:”Suppose a teacher is fed up with a student being tardy and they say, ‘If you’re ten minutes late today, you’ll be 30 minutes late tomorrow, 1 hour late the next day…and in a week, you won’t even show up at all!'”What fallacy, if any, best describes what the teacher is committing?Question 5 options: Hasty cause Slippery slope Post hoc None of the aboveQuestion 6 (1 point)Consider the following passage:”Suppose Turner said, ‘Every day, a rooster crows just before the sun rises, so the rooster’s crow must cause the sun to rise.'”What fallacy, if any, best describes Turner’s argument?Question 6 options: Hasty cause Slippery slope Post hoc None of the aboveQuestion 7 (1 point)Consider the following passage:”A researcher was studying the relationship between sea temperatures and shark attacks. He discovers that there is, in fact, a positive correlation between the two events: rising sea temperatures are associated with an increased prevalence of shark attacks. From this association alone, he concludes that the former must be the cause of the latter.”What fallacy, if any, best describes is the researcher’s argument?Question 7 options: Hasty cause Slippery slope Post hoc None of the aboveQuestion 8 (1 point)Consider the following passage:”Suppose someone says, ‘If you give a mouse a cookie, he’s going to ask for a glass of milk. And when you give him the milk, he’ll ask you for a straw. Then, when he’s finished, he’ll ask for a napkin…'” (Adapted from Laura Numeroff, If You Give a Mouse a Cookie)What fallacy, if any, best describes the person’s argument?Question 8 options: Hasty cause Slippery slope Post hoc None of the aboveQuestion 9 (1 point)Consider the following passage:”Suppose Sam made the following argument, ‘Being tall must cause people to pursue playing basketball because all basketball players in the NBA are tall!'”What fallacy, if any, is Sam committing?Question 9 options: Hasty cause Slippery slope Post hoc None of the aboveQuestion 10 (1 point)Consider the following passage:”Suppose Terry made the following argument, ‘Stan’s been acting really weird tonight. No surprise, there’s also a full moon! People are especially strange during the full moon. During last month’s full moon, Stan acted weird, too.'”What fallacy, if any, is Terry committing?Question 10 options: Hasty cause Slippery slope Post hoc None of the above Arts & Humanities Philosophy PHIL 1010 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)