Early programming languages had relatively poor facilities for type…

Question Answered step-by-step Early programming languages had relatively poor facilities for type… Early programming languages had relatively poor facilities for type checking, dataabstraction, data hiding and encapsulation. Explain the meaning of these termsand discuss their importance. [6 marks]Outline the key features that a language must have to be called object-oriented andbriefly discuss to what extent C++, Java and Smalltalk have them. [7 marks]Briefly discuss some of the reasons why C++ programs typically run faster thanequivalent programs written in Java or Smalltalk. [7 marks]6 Compiler ConstructionIt is desired to obtain an unambiguous context-free grammar G0 which generatesthe same strings as the following grammar G with start symbol S.S -> EE -> ( E ) | [ E ] | E * E | a | b | c( E ) -> ( + E )[ E ] -> [ – E ]Define a suitable G0or explain why G already satisfies the criterion. [6 marks]Write  context-free (Type 2) grammar which describes floating-point numbers ofthe form [±]dd∗[.d∗][e[±]dd∗] where d stands for decimal digit and d∗stands for zeroor more decimal digits. [· · ·] means that the enclosed item is optionally present inthe floating-point number. [7 marks]Sketch a recursive descent parser for the following grammar H with start symbol S.You should assume the existence of a routine lex() which sets variable token toone of ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘(‘, ‘)’, ‘-‘ or eof.P -> 1 | 2 | (E)E -> P | E – PS -> E eof Windows implements static inheritance for the access-control lists of NTFS filesand folders.(i) What does static inheritance mean here and how does it differ from dynamicinheritance? [4 marks](ii) Five flag bits (ci,oi,np,io,i) in each NTFS access-control entry (ACE)manage how it is inherited. Briefly describe the purpose of each bit.[5 marks](iii) User mike gives his folder project the following access-control list:projectAllowAccess mike: full-access (oi,ci)AllowAccess alice: read-execute (ci,np)AllowAccess bob: read-only (oi)It contains one folder and two text files, none of which have any noninherited access-control entries:projectdoc.txtprojectsrcprojectsrcmain.cFor each of these three objects, list all inherited access-control entries,showing in parentheses the inheritance-control flag bits that are set (usingthe same notation as above). [5 marks](b) Describe the purpose and four typical functions of a root kit. Given a sequence of points (Vi)ni=0 on a plane, consider the problem of interpolatinga smooth curve through all of the points in order by constructing a sequence ofpolynomial parametric functions, one for each interval [Vi, Vi+1]n−1i=0 .(a) What is meant by Ck continuity at the junction between two curve segments?[2 marks](b) Explain how the degree of the polynomial function for a curve segment constrainsthe continuity at its two ends. What continuity can be achieved at each end ofa cubic segment? [4 marks](c) Derive a cubic parametric function for the interval [Vi, Vi+1] where 0 < i < n−1Momentarily clarify the job of the attest articulation and why this program willtrigger a state disappointment when executed. Supply two altered adaptations of theprogram that change the trade work definition and, assuming fundamental, its calls, tostay away from this state disappointment. One rendition should be in C, and the other should utilizeC++ language highlights. [4 marks](c) Describe the location space format (featuring four areas of memory) of aordinary incorporated x86 C program, and how every one of these areas are utilized by Cbuilds. [8 marks](d) Briefly clarify what indistinct conduct is in the C norm. Under whatcircumstance(s) would calling the accompanying C capacity result in unclearconduct?int32_t divide(int32_t a, int32_t b){return a/b;}(a) Consider vague conduct in C.(I) Define whaonduct. [3 marks](ii) Briefly clarify why it is critical to have undefined conduct in themeaning of the C language. [1 mark](b) Compare and differentiation the struct and association catchphrases in C, providing anillustration of a circumstance where it would be more proper to utilize an associationrather than a struct. [4 marks](c) Explain the accompanying C or C++ language ideas. You might find it supportive toutilize short code sections or outlines to show your response.(I) The virtual catchphrase used to qualify a C++ part work and itssway on produced code. [4 marks](ii) The job of the C preprocessor in the source-code gathering cycle, andwhy it is a helpful device for investigating. [4 marks](iii) Templated capacities in C++, giving one advantage and one downside of utilizingthem contrasted and involving a void* work in C. (a) Assuming that it is mapped to a square with texture co-ordinates from (0, 0) to(1, 1), sketch a picture of the procedural texture map generated by the followingJava code. Use textual annotations to indicate the colours of the various partsof the picture. [7 marks]Color BLUE = ...; Color GREEN = ...; Color WHITE = ...;Color parametricTexture(double tu, double tv) {double r1 = 2 * Math.sqrt( (tu - 0.25) * (tu - 0.25)+ (tv - 0.5) * (tv - 0.5) );double r2 = 2 * Math.sqrt( (tu - 0.75) * (tu - 0.75)+ (tv - 0.5) * (tv - 0.5) );double f = f(r1) + f(r2);return (f > 0.45 && f < 0.55) ? WHITE :GREEN.times(f).plus(BLUE.times(1 - f));}private double f(double r) {if (0 <= r && r < 0.333) { return 1 - 3*r*r; }else if (0.333 <= r && r < 1) { return 1.5*(1-r)*(1-r); }else { return 0; }}(b) Write brief notes that explain the following.(i) Explain Perlin Noise, including how it differs from white noise. [3 marks](ii) Explain Barycentric Co-ordinates, including how they are calculated.Diagrams are encouraged. [3 marks](c) Given a ray R(t) = O + Dt and a unit sphere S, initially centred on the originand subsequently transformed by affine matrix M, where M represents thetransformation of the sphere from local to world coordinates:(i) state the centre of the sphere in local co-ordinates and in world co-ordinates;(ii) give an expression in terms of t for the local co-ordinates of the intersectionsbetween R and S;(iii) give an expression for the world co-ordinates of the same intersections; and(iv) give an expression for the world co-ordinates of the normal at thoseintersections. (a) Describe the differences in complexity and usage between parsimony anddistance phylogenetic methods. Give an example of the usage of both methods.[6 marks](b) Describe the differences in complexity and usage between hierarchical clusteringand the Markov clustering (MCL) algorithm. [5 marks](c) Explain how to identify different gene features using Hidden Markov Modelmethods such as Genescan. [5 marks](d) Explain how you could identify a regulatory network involving a set of genes.       Download Attachmentsdesign 8.PNGq3 perfor.png Skip QuestionShow CommentReport Issue   Subject: Networking$16.00        Computer Science Engineering & Technology C++ Programming COMPUTER S 167A Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)