1.What is the likely INR for a patient needing warfarin prophylaxis against recurrent deep vein thrombosis? 0.5-1.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-2.5 3.0-4.0 2.During
QuestionAnswered step-by-step1.What is the likely INR for a patient needing warfarin prophylaxis against recurrent deep vein thrombosis?· 0.5-1.0· 1.0-2.0· 2.0-2.5· 3.0-4.02.During a routine checkup, the patient states that she is unable to take the prescribed antihistamine because of one of its common adverse effects. The physician prescribed another antihistamine Loratadine. What adverse effect has probably been seen in this pt? · Diarrhea· Drowsiness· Decreased libido.· urticaria3.All these statements about loop diuretics are true except which?· Loop diuretics act on the thick ascending limb.· It increases the ototoxicity risk of aminoglycosides.· It promotes uric acid excretion.· They are contraindicated in severe hypovolemia.4.A patient who has type 2 diabetes mellitus is scheduled for a laparoscopy and has been NPO since midnight. She is concerned about her medications being held, what is the nurse’s best action regarding the administration of her oral antidiabetic drug? · Hold all medications as ordered and explain that because she is NPO administering medications may cause hypoglycemia.· Give her the medications with sip of water.· Give her half the original dose.· Contact the physician for further orders.5. What is following statement about loop diuretics is false:· Decrease blood volume.· Increase renal blood flow. · Decrease calcium excretion.· Increase sodium excretion.6. Which of the following is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors:· Dry Cough· Hypotension· Hypokalemia· Dizziness 7. Antiacids containing magnesium should be used cautiously in patients with which conditions? · Heat failure· Hypertension· Renal Failure· Peptic ulcer disease8. The nurse is reviewing the medication that have been ordered for a patient for whom are loop diuretic has just been prescribed. The loop diuretic may have a possible interaction with which drug or class of drugs?· Warfarin Sodium· NSAIDs· Penicillin · Vitamin D 9. Why is vitamin D taken together with Calcium?· It increases Ca2+ absorption.· It reduces Ca2+ reabsorption. · It reduces Ca2+ excretion.· It decreases Ca2+ absorption.10. Which class of laxatives is most likely to cause depends on if overused:· Hyperosmotic laxatives· Bulk-forming laxatives· Emollient laxatives· Stimulate Laxatives11.A patient is taking warfarin to treat/prevent further thrombotic events. However, the clinician notes that the patient is taking a drug that reduces the effect of warfarin and, consequently, the target INR. Which of these medicines is the patient taking?· Carbamazepine· Clarithromycin· Metronidazole· Sulfamethoxazole12.Before administering an antidiarrheal, the nurse should:· Investigate the cause of diarrhea.· Administer a stool softener.· Administer an antiemetic.· Encourage the patient to increase their fluid intake.13.Which statement needs to be included when the nurse provides education for a patient with heart failure who is taking daily doses of spironolactone?· Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medication.· Be sure to eat foods that are high in potassium.· A low-fiber diet will help prevent adverse effects of this medication.· Avoid foods that are high in potassium.14.A female patient arrives in the emergency department with severe chest pain. She has had pain off and on for a week. Which assessment findings indicate a need for caution’s use of nitrates and nitrites?· Blood pressure of 110/78mmHg· History of liver disease· Anemia· History of heart failure15.Patients who are receiving antilipemic drugs to lower cholesterol, HDL and LDL need to be closely monitored for the development of which of the following adverse effects?· Pulmonary problems· Vitamin C deficiency· Photosensitivity· Liver dysfunction16.Which of these anticoagulant medicines is known to cause an immune-mediated response in which antibodies are formed and bind with platelets? The patient will be at risk of clot formation.· Dabigatran· Dalteparin· Argatroban· Heparin17.The antilipemic ezetimibe (Ezetrol) is a newer antilipemic drug. Which of the following describes how it works?· By inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the small intestine· By inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase· By preventing resorption of bile acids from the small intestines· By activating lipase, which breaks down cholesterol.18.A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 diabetes has been treated for pneumonia for the past week. He has been receiving corticosteroids intravenously and antibiotics as part of his therapy. His pneumonia has resolved, but when the nurse monitors his blood glucose levels, his blood glucose is still elevated, and he requires small amounts of sliding scale insulin coverage. What is the best explanation for this elevation?· The hypoxia from the COPD has caused an increased need for insulin.· His type2 diabetes has converted to type 1 diabetes.· The corticosteroids may have caused an increase in glucose levels.· The antibiotics may have caused an increase in glucose levels.19.When is omeprazole best administered for optimal effect when dosed once daily.· 1 hour after meals· 30-60 minute before meals· Before bedtime· 2 hours after meals20.A patient has just been prescribed insulin. What important information should the nurse tell this patient about taking insulin.· When mixing insulins, the cloudy insulin (such as neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin) should be drawn up into the syringe first.· Use the injection site that is the most accessible.· During times of illness, increase insulin dosage by 25%· When mixing insulin, the clear insulin (such as regular insulin) should be drawn up into the syringe first.21. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) work by primarily interacting with what blood factor?· Factor XII· Factor Xia· Factor IXa· Factor Xa22.Which class of medications for GERD acts directly to neutralize stomach acid?· H2 receptor antagonists· Proton pump inhibitors· Bismuth subsalicylate· Antacids23.How does omeprazole work to suppress gastric acid?· K+ channel blocker· H+/K+ ATPase inhibitor· Direct neutralization· H2-receptor blocker24.Which of the following statements about warfarin is false?· Effects are increased by H2 receptor antagonists.· Increases the risk of osteoporosis.· Full effect takes 6-8 hours to manifest.· Initially decreases protein C levels.25.The client is experiencing an adverse effect from ACE. The doctor will usually switch the medication to which type of antihypertensive medication.· Calcium channel blockers· ARS· Beta-blocker· Adrenergic26.What is the most important side effect a patient should watch out for with gliclazide?· Severe headache· Hypoglycemia· Hyperglycemia· Severe GIT distress27.Which of these drugs are prodrugs?· Antacids· Proton pump inhibitors· H2 receptor antagonists· Bismuth subsalicylate28.Desmopressin is preferred over vasopressin due to its higher affinity on V2 receptors, which causes what effect?· Renal vasodilation· Reduced diuresis· Pressor effect· Increased diuresis29.Which type of antidiarrheal medication works by decreasing the intestinal muscle tone and peristalsis of the intestines?· Loperamide or Imodium· Absorbents· Intestinal flora modifiers· Lubricants30.This ACEi has the shortest half-life and therefore must be dosed more frequently.· Enalapril· Captopril· Ramipril· Perindopril31.A 49-year-old male patient with a BMI of 34, presents at the hospital with chest pain on exertion. He is subsequently diagnosed with chronic stable angina. Which of these antiplatelet drugs is the preferred treatment option?· Cilostazol· Ticagrelor· Aspirin· Prasugrel32.ACEi prevent the breakdown of bradykinin and substance P which can result in.· Dizziness· Heart failure· Non-productive cough· AKI33.Which of the following medications results in a drug interaction if given to a patient taking digitalis?· Acetaminophen (Tylenol)· Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)· Vitamin K· Steroids34.Beta-blockers augment the clinical effect of which of these drug classes?· Statins· Muscle relaxants· Opioids· Sulfonylureas35.A patient asks you for the reason why his doctor told him not to inject his insulin at one site only. What is the correct response? · To reduce pain at the injection site· To prevent hypertrophy of fatty tissue· To minimize hypoglycemia, dangerous decreases in blood pressure· To minimize weight gain36.A patient has started on anticoagulant drugs. When the nurse is explaining the drug therapy, which of the following best describes the primary goal?· To stabilize an existing thrombus· To dissolve an existing thrombus· To prevent the thrombus from becoming an embolus· To prevent thrombus formation37.which of the following is not a potential adverse effect of glucocorticoids?· Osteoporosis· Hypoglycemia· Insomnia· Weight gain38.all these statements about aspirin are true except which?· It reversibly inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzyme.· Avoid in children due to the risk of Reye syndrome.· Its antiplatelet effect occurs at low doses.· At high doses, aspirin can cause tinnitus.39.what is the approximate average onset of the rapid-acting insulins:· 20-45 minutes· 5-15 minutes· 1-5 minutes· 45-45 minutes40.while assessing a patient with angina who is to start beta-blocker therapy, the nurse is aware that their presence of which condition may be a problem if these drugs are used?· Asthma· Hypertension· Essential tremors· Exertional angina41.when giving antihypertensive drugs the nurse will consider giving the first dose at bedtime for which drug?· Furosemide· Hydralazine· Captopril· Prazosin42. A patient with hypothyroidism is given a prescription for levothyroxine (Synthroid). When the nurse explains that levothyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone, the patient states that he prefers to receive more natural forms of drugs. What is the nurse’s best explanation to the patient?· Levothyroxine is less expensive than the natural form.· Because the half-life of levothyroxine is longer than that of the natural forms, once-a-day dosing is possible, but please check with your doctor first and do not switch brands without checking with your doctor.· The oral form has lower adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract.· The synthetic form has a stronger effect than the natural forms.43.how does psyllium work as a laxative?· Blocks peripheral mu receptors.· Absorbs water to form an emollient and distend colon.· Stimulation of enteric nervous system· Moves water rapidly into the colon.44. when is a patient being taught about the potential adverse effect of when ACE inhibitor, which of these effects should the nurse mentioned as possibly occurring when this drug is taken to treat hypertension?· Dry non-productive cough· Diarrhea· Nausea· Sedation45. A patient is taking an extended-release beta-blocker as part of his therapy after myocardial infarction. What important information should the nurse tell the patient about this medication/· The tablet should be chewed for faster release of the medication.· A high-fibre diet with plenty of fluids will help to prevent constipation that may occur.· A frequent adverse effect is a rapid heart rate, which should be reported immediately.· If adverse effects of chest pain, fainting, or dyspnea occur, discontinue the medication immediately.46.Beta-blockers aside from their cardiovascular benefits- are also used in the treatment of which condition?· Glaucoma· Gout· Asthma· Reynaud’s phenomenon47.The nurse is teaching a patient who has a new prescription medication: propylthiouracil. Which statement by the nurse is correct?· This drug is given to raise the thyroid hormone levels in your blood.· There are no food restrictions while on this drug.· Take this drug in the morning on an empty stomach.· You need to avoid foods high in iodine, such as iodized salt, seafood, and soy products.48.A patient has been prescribed transdermal nitroglycerine patches. What important information should the nurse tell the patient about applying these patches?· Use the patches on any non-hairy areas on the body.· Use the patches only on the chest area.· Apply the patch to the same site consistently.· Temporarily remove the patch while swimming.49.Through a routine blood check, a 47-year-old patient was diagnosed with elevated LDL cholesterol and prescribed atorvastatin 20mg once daily. The patient returned to the doctor some weeks later complaining of weakness and weight gain. Another blood check reveals that their LDL cholesterol level has not improved. What is the most appropriate course of action?· Review other factors, such as RBC and thyroid levels.· Commence statin plus recommend fibrate therapy.· Recommend continuing with mg atorvastatin once daily until LDL levels reduce.· Recommend discontinuing statin therapy and recommend dietary changes/ exercise for at least 3 months.50.When is the most optimum time of the day to take simvastatin?· In the early afternoon· In the morning· In the evening· In the late afternoon51.The nurse is discussing thyroid replacement therapy and establishing treatment goals with a patient. What important adverse effects should the nurse discuss with the patient?· Edema, anemia, and hepatitis· Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, weight loss, and fever· Skin pigment changes, and bleeding· Pruritis, myalgia, leukopenia, and paraesthesia52.A patient is taking warfarin to treat/prevent further thrombotic events. However, the clinician notes that the patient is taking a drug that reduces the effect of warfarin and, consequently, the target INR. Which of these medicines is the patient taking?· Carbamazepine· Clarithromycin· Metronidazole· Sulfamethoxazole53.A patient is being discharged home on a single daily dose of a diuretic. To avoid unnecessary disruptions to the patient’s daily routine and sleep patterns. At what time does the health care provider instruct the patient to take the dose?· In the morning· With supper· At noon· At bedtime54. Which antidiabetic acts mainly through blocking the enzyme that degrades glucagon-like peptide 1?· Metformin· Lantus· Insulin· Sitagliptin55.Among the antacids, which one is prone to causing constipation?· Al (OH)3· Mg (OH)2· NaHCO3· CaCO356.Which of the following antibacterial drugs should not be used with digoxin?· Amoxicillin· Penicillin· Cefalexin· Clarithromycin57.A 53 years old male patient has been admitted for an evaluation of chest pain. He has been diagnosed with angina and prescribed sublingual nitroglycerine tablets. What important information should the nurse tell the patient about this medication?· After taking a dose, lie down, change positions slowly to avoid falling or fainting.· If the tablet does not dissolve quickly, chew the tablet for maximal effect.· Take up to five doses at 15minute intervals after an anginal attack.· If the chest pain is not relieved, go to the hospital immediately.58.A 71 years old woman with a history of cardiovascular disease have been admitted to the hospital complaining of breathlessness. She is diagnosed as having chronic stable angina and must be given immediate treatment. Which of these medicines is the most appropriate treatment option?· NTG SL· Isosorbide mononitrate· Aspirin· Verapamil59.Which classification of medications is considered first-line therapy for the treatment of erosive esophagitis?· Proton pump inhibitors· Prostaglandin inhibitors· General antacids· H2 antagonists60.Which of the following interventions is correct regarding the management of nausea and vomiting?· Taking antiemetics at night may cause restlessness and interfere with sleep.· Antiemetics are often administered 30 minutes to 3 hours before a chemotherapy drug is given.· Antiemetics may be taken with a glass of wine to help settle the stomach.· Give antiemetics immediately after chemotherapy is administered.61.ACE inhibitors such as Lisinopril which inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin and substance P, resulting in an accumulation of them in the respiratory tract can cause the following side effects.· Development of dry cough.· Flank pain· Taste disturbance· None of the above62.A patient is beginning anti-lipidemic therapy (such as statin drug). What food should the nurse tell the patient about when discussing possible drug-food interactions?· Grapefruit juice· Licorice· Oatmeal· Diary products63.In the management of acute ischemic stroke, within how many minutes from symptom onset should alteplase be administered?· 3 hours· 8 hours· 12 hours· 6hours64.Which of these most accurately describes how digoxin works?· Positive inotrope/ positive chronotropic.· Negative inotrope/ negative chronotrope· Negative inotrope/ positive chronotrope· Positive inotrope/ negative chronotrope65.Which of these is the mechanism of action of clopidogrel?· ADP receptor inhibitor· Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor· Thromboxane inhibitor· PAR-1 antagonist66.With levothyroxine treatment, what is the expected change in lab values if the drug is efficacious and the final diagnosis is primary hypothyroidism?· ?3? T4· ?5? T3· ?5? TSH· ?3? T367. Which of the following medicines is not appropriate for treating unstable angina or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction?· Antiplatelet drugs· Thrombolysis· Beta-blockers· ACE inhibitors68. Which of these involves has the most rapid onset of action, but should be avoided in patients with renal failure?· Sodium phosphate69. A patient who is taking warfarin therapy has a headache and wants to take a pain reliever. Which of the following actions is recommended?· Calling the office for an opioid order· Taking acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) tablets· Taking ibuprofen (Advil) a non-inflammatory drug NSAID· Taking acetaminophen Tylenol70. Which of the following drugs is used in cases of beta-blocker overdose?· Naloxone· Flumazenil· Glucagon· Deferoxamine71. which of the following should be monitored closely in a patient who is taking ant dysrhythmias?· Level of consciousness· Heart rhythm and blood pressure· Temperature and skin turgor· Urine output and specific gravity72. which of the following statements about warfarin is false?· It has a long half-life.· It helps lower blood pressure.· It has a narrow therapeutic index.· It inhibits vitamin k epoxide reductase.73.which of the following drugs, if taken with warfarin, decreases the effects of warfarin?· Metronidazole· Amiodarone· Clarithromycin· Phenytoin74.when monitoring lab levels for patients receiving loop diuretics, the nurse knows to look for:· Increased serum levels of calcium· Decreased serum levels of calcium.· Increased serum level of potassium· Decreased serum level of potassium.75.the nurse is administering anti-hypertensive drugs to older adult patients. The nurse knows which adverse effect is most concerned for these patients.· Hypotension· Constipation· Dry mouth· Restlessness76.A patient on acarbose experiencing hypoglycemia would require administration of which carbohydrate?· Starch· Complex carbohydrates· Glucose· Sucrose77. Humulin 70/30 is comprised of:· 70% NPH, 30% regular· 70% NPH, 30% lispro· 70% lispro protamine and 30% lispro· 70% lispro protamine 30 regulars.78.A nurse with adequate knowledge about the administration of intravenous nitroglycerine will recognize which statement as correct?· Intravenous nitroglycerine must be protected from exposure to light through use of special tubing.· The intravenous form is given by intravenous push injection.· Because the intravenous form is short lived, the dosing must be every two hours.· Intravenous nitroglycerine can be given via gravity drip infusions.79 which of the following beta-blocker is not beta-1 selective?· Nebivolol· Acebutolol· Labetalol· Bisoprolol80.Which statement by the patient reflects the need for additional patient education about the calcium channel blocker diltiazem?· This drug may cause my blood pressure to drop, so I should be careful when getting up.· I understand that food and antacids can not change how well I can absorb this drug when I take it as a pill.· When the long-acting forms are taken, the drug cannot be crushed.· I can take this drug to stop an attack of angina.81.The patient has a new prescription for transdermal nitroglycerine patches. The nurse teaches the patient that these patches are most appropriately used for which purpose?· To prevent palpitations· To relieve exertional angina· To stop an episode of angina· To prevent the occurrence of anginaHealth ScienceScienceNursingCSHR CSHR1040Share Question
