summarize figure 1A only A describe what is the purpose, method The…   summarize figure 1A only A describe what is the purpose, method The

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summarize figure 1A only A describe what is the purpose, method The…   summarize figure 1A only A describe what is the purpose, method The purpose of the experiment • Introduction • Results, method & conclusion (for 1 experiment) • experimental models • Own discussion First, we systematically evaluated whether people with ASLD have high blood pressure because this phenomenon has only been reported anecdotally.9, 17, 18, 19 We had previously conducted the largest randomized controlled trial in ASLD (ClinVar: NCT00345605) where 12 individuals with ASLD (8 children and 4 adults) participated in a crossover study to assess the effects of a high dose (500 mg / kg / day) versus a low dose (100 mg / kg / day) of L-arginine on liver function tests10 (Table S1). The starting point for this study was to test whether increased production of arginine succinate through treatment of arginine contributed to chronic liver dysfunction observed in these individuals. During the study, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) were recorded during a 2-week inpatient period by research staff. Due to the many environmental contributing factors to hypertension in adults, we limited our analyzes of hypertension to children. Quantile quantile (QQ) plots of SBP and DBP from the eight children (median age 12.1, range 9.1-13.8) showed that the observed blood pressure values ??were significantly above the expected distribution from the normal population values11 (Figure 1A). In addition, blood pressure did not differ between the high-dose and low-dose arginine therapy arms (Figure 1B), suggesting that arginine supplementation could not correct the elevated blood pressure in this disease, which is consistent with the structural requirement for ASL in all NOS-dependent NO production. These data suggest that children with ASLD are at increased risk of having high blood pressure and confirm the previous anecdotal reports in a controlled environment and show arginine resistance in this form of hypertension. Figure 1A Loss of ASL is associated with high blood pressure (A) Quantile-Quantile (QQ) plots of SBP and DBP in a convenient sample of eight children with ASLD enrolled in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of low-dose arginine plus sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB) versus high-dose arginine on liver function (ClinVar: NCT00345605). Blood pressure in each treatment arm of the trial was collected at the Clinical Research Center at Texas Children’s Hospital for a 7-9 day period. The median blood pressure reading per subject was 35.5 (IQR, 30.75-40). Each dot in the scatter plot represents the intersection of an observed blood pressure quantile from a reading from an individual with an expected quantile from age- and sex-matched control population data. If the observed quantiles are similar to normal population data, the points will be on the 45 ° line of the scatter plot (i.e. x = y). However, the slope of the straight line in the diagram is clearly greater than 45 °, which shows the left skew of SBP and DBP readings. These show that SBP and DBP in individuals with ASLD in this cohort were higher compared to age- and gender-matched data from the control population.Reference Argininosuccinatlyase deficiency causes an endothelial-dependent form of hypertension – PMC (nih.gov)Image transcription textA 0 0 Observed DBP quantile Observed SBP quantile -1 -1 -2 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 2 -3 -2 -1 D 2 3 Theoretical SBPquantile Theoretical DBP quantile… Show more  Science Health Science BIOLOGY 545 Share QuestionEmailCopy link

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to the hospital because he is having trouble breathing. The care team helps resolve the issue, but forgets a standard treatment that causes unnecessary harm to the patient. A subsequent medication error makes the situation worse, leading to a stay that is much longer than anticipated.Mr. Stanley Londborg is a 64-year-old man with a long-standing history of a seizure disorder. He also has hypertension (high blood pressure) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He is no stranger to the hospital because of his health issues. At home, he takes a number of medications, including three for his COPD and three — levetiracetam, lamotrigine, and valproate sodium — to help control his seizures.Mr. Londborg came to the emergency department (ED) last week because he was wheezing and having trouble breathing. The Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) in the ED conducted a physical examination that yielded signs of an acute worsening of his COPD, which is known as COPD exacerbation. (In many cases, COPD exacerbation is the result of a relatively mild respiratory tract infection, but could be due to something more serious, such as pneumonia.)The APRN in the ED ordered a chest x-ray, which did not show any signs of pneumonia. He admitted Mr. Londborg to the hospital for treatment of acute COPD exacerbation, resulting from a relatively mild respiratory tract infection. Before leaving the ED, Mr. Londborg also underwent routine blood work, which showed an elevation in his creatinine, a sign that his kidneys were being forced to work harder due to his infection.On the medical floor, the care team treated Mr. Londborg with oral steroids and inhaled bronchodilators (standard medical therapy for his condition), which resulted in a gradual improvement in his respiratory symptoms. Nurses also gave him IV fluids for the issue with his kidneys, which slowly resolved.Mr. Londborg was steadily improving, so it seemed this visit to the hospital would be one of his shorter ones.But on his third morning in the hospital, Mr. Londborg complained to the care team about acute pain in his left leg. This symptom, potentially indicating deep venous thrombosis (a blood clot in his leg commonly known as DVT), prompted the team to order an ultrasound of Mr. Londborg's lower extremities. (A primary concern with DVT is that blood clots in the legs may dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism, which could be deadly.)The advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) on the care team (who oversees the pt's care) then checked Mr. Londborg's medication orders and was surprised to see that the admitting APRN had not ordered prophylaxis for DVT (i.e., blood thinners, such as heparin or enoxaparin). The APRN was surprised because patients admitted to the hospital typically receive this treatment to prevent blood clots from forming while they lie in their hospital beds. Further, nothing about Mr. Londborg's medical record suggested he shouldn't have received this treatment as an important precautionary measure.The ultrasound, unfortunately, confirmed the presence of a blood clot in Mr. Londborg's left calf. Due to his impaired kidney function, treatment for the blood clot required him to remain in the hospital on IV medication. Mr. Londborg's stay was going to be longer than expected.At 10 PM on his eighth day in the hospital, a member of the environmental services (also known as housekeeping) staff found Mr. Londborg on the floor of his room. She immediately alerted the nurses on the ward. The nurses noted seizure activity and called the overnight medical team to Mr. Londborg's bedside. The team responded quickly and gave him intravenous medication that stopped his seizure.Because no one witnessed his fall and seizure, Mr. Londborg underwent an emergent CT scan of his head to check for any sign of bleeding. After his mental status improved (it is common for patients to be confused for a time after a seizure), he complained of pain in his left shoulder and elbow, but x-rays of these joints showed no evidence of a traumatic fracture from his fall.After ensuring that Mr. Londborg was stable, the overnight care team reviewed the chart and the medication history to try to determine the cause of Mr. Londborg's sudden seizure. They found that one of his seizure medications, levetiracetam, had not been given earlier in the day when it should have been. There was a notation in the medication administration record from the daytime nurse indicating that the ordered dose was not available in the automatic medication dispensing system on the floor earlier in the day.Further discussions the following day with the daily care team revealed that the nurses didn't notify the APRN or the pharmacy that the essential medication was not administered. The medication system didn't include an automatic alert, either.Fortunately, the overnight APRN restarted Mr. Londborg on his medication, and he suffered no apparent permanent harm. Mr. Londborg was discharged after 10 days in the hospital. Most hospitalizations for COPD are far shorter. In fact, many last only a couple days. What recommendations would you suggest for the NP and/or facility to reduce risk in this case?
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