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Individualized Education Program (IEP) Inequality in public schools

 

Picture source: www.Phsychcentral.com THE DEFIANT CHILD AND OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER (ODD)

• It is a constant pattern of hostility, defiance, stubbornness, and disobedience towards the seniors or those in authority among children and the minors.

• The children require special attention at schools. This would promote equity of the disabled people in the society (Bateman & Herr, 2011).
• The defiant child’s level of performance is lower than the ordinary child. They require teachers who fully understand them.

Characteristics and Symptoms of the ODD

•    Verbal aggression, anger, constant aggressiveness and loses temper easily.

•    Annoys people deliberately, easily irritated and often touchy

•    Argumentative especially with the adults

•    Defiance to adults or those in power and troublesome at school, home, or work

•    Make mistakes and blame others for it

How common is ODD

•    Among adolescents

•    One to six percent of minors

•    Occurs mostly in boys than in girls

•    Prevail more in preschool or the early school going minors

•    Common in children from poor backgrounds

Causes of ODD

•    Biological causes such as genetic inheritance, poor nutrition, toxins, imbalance of brain chemicals, brain impairment and mothers who abuse substance during pregnancy.

•    Psychological factors such as bad parenting and failure to process social relationships.

•    Social factors such as abuse, family instability, extreme poverty, poor bring up, abuse and neglect

Disorder conditions that coexist with ODD

•    Learning disorders and Mood Language hence the children have challenges expressing themselves in school (Bateman & Herr, 2011). The disabled Children therefore require specialized educational setting (Johnson, 2015).

•    Anxiety

•    ADHD

ODD Treatment

•    Training victims on how to solve stressful problems

•    Social skills training

•    Medication

•    Family and parent management therapy

ADHD MANAGEMENT Picture source:blog.doctoroz.com

 •    ADHD is a brain upset condition where the victim is highly inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive. The brain disease disrupts the development of the victim.

• Equality of opportunity is a big challenge to the children with disabilities in schools and colleges (Gamoran, 2001).

•    In the US, Children diagnosed with ADHD have been increasing to 11% in 2011

•    The American Psychiatric Association indicates the prevailing rate of children with ADHD is about 5% of all the children in the US

• ADHD victims should be admitted in special schools where they are taught by professionals who are aware of their conditions (Bateman & Herr, 2011).

 

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Management

•    The restructuring of environment and behavioral therapy like psychotherapy and working memory training

•    Behavioral parent training (BPT) as well as behavioral classroom management (BCM) such as psychosocial treatments

• Provision of customized services and resources to the needy ADHD students such as welfare, transportation, and health (Goodman & Bond, 2003).

•    Medication regimen such as stimulants

•    Pharmacotherapy by the use of stimulants and other medications

 

 

Picture Source: www.Helathsourcebizinforma.com RAISING A CHILD WITH AUTISM

•    Autism is a mental upset condition where the victim mostly children are unable to express themselves properly as well as interacting well with their peers by the use of language or other abstract concepts.

•    Approximately one out 68 children in the US is detected with an ASD

•    The prevalence of Autism is higher in boys than in girls

• Students with the condition require special attention and facilities. However, the facilities are not available in many public schools in the US (Myers & Johnson, 2007).

Characteristics of Autism

•    Unusual social development

•    A third of the victims have challenges in communication

•    Repetitive behaviors

Management

•    Medication: This involves the use of drugs to alter the victims’ physiology. It is applied to victims who have irritability, seizures, hyperactivity, and sleep disturbances or any other social behavior that might be harm to them.

•    Alternative medicine such as early intensive behavioral intervention, Communication interventions, Computer-assisted therapy, Relationship development intervention, Environmental enrichment, Music and Parent-mediated interventions (Goodman & Bond, 2003; Liasidou, 2014).

References

Bateman D.B and Herr, C.M (2011), Writing Measurable IEP Goals and Objectives. Attainment Company Inc. United States.

Goodman, J. F., & Bond, L. (2003). The Individualized Education Program A Retrospective          Critique. The Journal of Special Education, 26(4), 408-422.

Gamoran, A. (2001). American Schooling and Educational Inequality: A Forecast for the 21 st Century. American Sociological Association

Johnson, E. S. (2015). Increasing Rural Special Education Teacher Candidates’ Ability to Implement Evidence-Based Practices: A Program Description of the Boise State University TATERS Program. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 34(1), 5-9.

Liasidou, A. (2014). Critical disability studies and socially just change in higher education. British Journal of Special Education, 41(2), 120-135.

Myers, S. M., & Johnson, C. P. (2007). Management of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 120(5), 1162-1182.