1. Which of the following describes how opioid analgesics relieve pain?a. Decrease pain nerves impulses from the site of injury to the brainb. Decrease production of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX)c. Inhibit production and transmission of substance Pd.  Decrease the brain’s ability to sense and interpret pain

Question Answered step-by-step 1. Which of the following describes how opioid analgesics relieve… 1. Which of the following describes how opioid analgesics relieve pain?a. Decrease pain nerves impulses from the site of injury to the brainb. Decrease production of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX)c. Inhibit production and transmission of substance Pd.  Decrease the brain’s ability to sense and interpret pain2. Overdose of aspirin and other salicylates may result in which of the following, especially in children?a. Gastric distressb. Liver failurec. Coma and respiratory failured. Renal failure3. Which of the following are symptoms of acute opioid overdose or toxicity?a. Pupil dilation, hypertension, urinary retentionb. CNS stimulation, hypertension, tachycardiac. Pupil constriction, respiratory depression, hypotension, comad. Hyperglycemia, hypotension, bradycardia4. Which of the following is a partial agonist opioid analgesic?a. buprenorphineb. morphinec. fentanyld. midazolam5. Sumatriptan and rizatriptan are drugs used to treat which of the following painful disorders?a. Migraine headachesb. Post-herpetic painc. Menstrual crampsd. Burning, stabbing pain6. Long-term use of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) may cause which of the following side effects?a. Gastric ulcers and GI bleedingb. Confusion & deliriumc. Constipation and urinary retentiond. All of the above7. Tom’s dentist prescribed Vicodin (hydrocodone 5 mg + acetaminophen 325mg) 2 tablets every four hours for 48 hours after a tooth extraction.  How should the pharmacist counsel Tom about his prescription?a. It may cause constipation and drowsinessb. Do not drink alcohol while taking this medication because it may increase drowsiness and sedationc. This dose of acetaminophen combined with alcohol may cause liver toxicityd. All of the above8. Which of the following correctly defines tolerance?a. With prolonged use, increasingly higher doses are required to produce the same effectb. With prolonged use, abrupt discontinuation of the drug produces uncomfortable symptomsc. Drug craving so intense that normal daily activities become all about obtaining and taking the drugd. Compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences9. Which of the following seizure types is characterized by an abrupt loss of consciousness, falling, with extension of trunk and extremities, followed by alternating contractions and relaxation of the muscles.   a. absenceb. tonic-clonicc. psychomotord. atypical10. A disadvantage of the first-generation AEDs is that they have many drug interactions. Which of the following AEDs do NOT have any significant drug interactions?a. Gabapentinb. Levetiracepam (Keppra)c. Topiramated. All of the above11. Which of the following AEDs is a broad-spectrum AED (meaning it can be used for several types of seizures) and has several different MOA?a. clonazepamb. valproic acidc. ethosuximided. carbamazepine12. Status epilepticus (a tonic-clonic seizure lasting more than 5 minutes) is an emergency situation and can be life threatening.  What is the treatment of choice for this condition?a. Valproic acid IV and Lamotrigine IVb. Lamotrigine IV and clonazepam IVc. Phenytoin IV (or Fosphenytoin) and IV lorazepamd. Carbamazepine IV and Divalproex IV13.     Which of the following is the recommended treatment for infants that have recently had a febrile seizure?a. IV lorazepamb. rectal diazepam gelc. IV loading with phenytoind. identifcation of and treatment of the cause of the fever14. Carbamazepine has many drug interactions and the following food interaction.a. Grapefruit juiceb. milkc. chocolated. tree nuts 15. Which of the following medications is an antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine? e. Fluoxetine f. isocarboxazidg. venlafaxineh. citalopram 16. Which of the following antipsychotic medications may cause extrapyramidal side effects because it blocks dopamine receptors and unbalances cholinergic activities?      a. chlorpromazineb. risperidonec. aripiprazoled. ziprasidone 17. The atypical antipsychotics such as quetiapine (Seroquel) are associated with which of the following adverse effects?a. Weight gain and Type 2 DMb. Shuffling walk & tardive dyskinesiac. Kidney dysfunctiond. Chronic dry cough 18. After taking promethazine both orally and rectally for vomiting, Janet was unable to speak normally due to muscle spasms in her neck and face and thrusting of her tongue.  What is this reaction called?a. Status epilepticusb. Tardive dyskinesiac. Acute dystonic reactiond. Petit mal seizure 19. Andie is taking the MAO-I antidepressant phenelzine and has been told that there are a number of foods such as aged cheese and cured meats and herbal preparations she must avoid because of potentially dangerous side effects. What reaction may occur if these foods are combined with phenelzine?a. Hypertensive crisisb. Atrial fibrillationc. Ventricular fibrillationd. Liver failure 20. Which of the following medications is effective in treating bipolar disorder and has been shown to reduce suicide rates in these patients?a. carbamazepineb. valproatec. lithiumd. olanzapine  Health Science Science Nursing SCIE 264 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)