Major Changes in Political Structures, and Social and Economic Life Occurred During Tang, Song and Sui Dynasties

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The Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty existed between 618 and 907 in China. It was led by a Tang emperor. The emperors took over power through coups. By means of military force, the dynasty would expand its political influence and the empire borders. The newly captured regions would be ruled as protectorates. The dynasty was ruled by the imperial families and the elite in the society such as the Li family (Xiong, 2000). The dynasty used its large population top make a large army and professionals in their society who played a key role in facilitating trade in Asia. The army protected the empire. The dynasty was made of several kingdoms. The kingdoms paid to the Tang dynasty courts. The Tang had a strong cultural system that spread to the neighboring states such as Vietnam and Korea (Morton & Lewis, 2000).         .

The Tang dynasty generated income in several ways. Among them was controlling the silk route trade, maritime trade, and the tribute paid by its protectorates. Agriculture was also a key economic activity. Irrigation was greatly improved during this period with the invention of the Waterwheel technology (Morton & Lewis, 2000). It improved the productivity of the lands and saved a lot of labor. The development in irrigation led to high agricultural produce. Handicraft business was also popular during the period. Ceramics and silks were the key products from the handicraft business. These items attracted traders from far and wide.

The social life during the Tang dynasty was greatly supported by religion. The main religion was Buddhism and Daoism. The religions generated ideologies that directed ways of people in the Dynasty. The monks played a critical role in the dynasty’s leadership. They used to pray for the leaders in the society in return for gifts. People also borrowed culture from other societies such as India, Middle East, and Central Asia. The Tang society was Confucian. The Chinese literature and art flourished during the period. Tang urban women were liberal during this period. However, those in the countryside were rather reserved. The reign of the Tang Dynasty presents the most glorious period in the Chinese history regarding advancement in culture, economy, politics, and military power (Xiong, 2000).

The Sui dynasty

The dynasty ruled in between 581 and 618. It was a combination of the Southern and the Northern dynasties. It was led by an emperor under a centralized form of governance. One of the most renowned emperors is Yang Jian. He had divided the dynasty into several administration units that were uniform in ways of governance. The administrators were skilled people whose operation was supported by skilled corps. The political system comprised of three departments and six ministries. The ethnic rule of Han Chinese such as the Confucian rituals dominated the dynasty. The Dynasty was governed by the use of a set of administrative rules and penal codes that were quiet lenient. Recruitment into leadership was achieved using an Imperial Examination System (Xiong, 2000).

The major economic activities of the Sui dynasty were agriculture and trade. The centralized form of government was meant to ensure that there was economic equality throughout the dynasty. The Grand Canal that linked Luoyang capital to Chang’an played a key role in promoting the agricultural and trade activities between the two regions.

The Social life of the Sui dynasty was by large inspired by religion. Buddhism was widespread in the dynasty. Confucian rituals played a central role in the governance of the dynasty. The great wall and poetry were developed during the Sui dynasty (Xiong, 2000).

The Song Dynasty

The dynasty existed in two different periods. Firstly, the period between 960 to 1127 during the Northern and then 1127 to 1279 during the Southern Song (Hansen, 2000).

The dynasty was led by an emperor who was also a symbol of unity between the two empires. The dynasty had a central government led by the emperor under a very bureaucratic system. The empires’ administrators were recruited by means of a civil service examination. The administrative units were the prefectures and the districts. The administrators would not serve in one unit for more than three years without transfer. Administrative soldiers played a key role in maintaining law and order.

The Social life of the Song dynasty was tied to religion. Religion guided people in matters pertaining to their daily activities, beliefs, and education. Buddhism and Daoism were the key religions in the dynasty. The people worshiped by the use of sacrificial offerings. There were several public festivals in the dynasty such as the Qingming and the Lantern Festivals. The elite in the society enjoyed theatrical drama. Visual arts developed greatly during the Song dynasty. They included painter and writing calligraphy. Literature and poetry were highly developed at the period. The elite population controlled the control people. Rural-urban migration was common in search of better life.

The major economic activities of the Song dynasty were agriculture and trade. The dynasty prospered greatly due to advancement in science and technology. This advancement contributed largely to high productivity in the Song’s economy. Paper money was developed during the Song dynasty. The great inventions at the period are the gunpowder, the compass, and the typography invention (Hansen, 2000).

 

References

Hansen, V. (2000). The open empire: A history of China to 1600. WW Norton.

Morton, W. S., & Lewis, C. M. (2005). China: Its history and culture (pp. 126-7). New York:           McGraw-Hill.

Xiong, V. (2000). Sui-Tang Chang’an: A Study in the Urban History of Late Medieval China            (No. 85). Center for Chinese Studies, The Universi.

 

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON

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Elizabeth Stanton Racial Background

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was born on 12th November 1815 and died on 26th October 1902. She was a White American. Daniel Cady was her father and Margaret Livingston Cady her mother. Daniel Candy was a New York judge and a lawyer by profession who was very prominent during his time. Her father worked with several prominent people such as Abraham Lincoln and Alexander Hamilton. Stanton mother Margaret had a Dutch origin and was the daughter of an American Colonel James Livingston.

Elizabeth was married to Henry Stanton, who was a reformer. Both had seven children. They were actively involved in the anti-slavery fights. At one time they attended a London’s World’s Antislavery Convention.  Henry Stanton specialized in a law career. They had a home in New York City (Stanton 1898).

Importance of Elizabeth Stanton in American History

Elizabeth Stanton selflessly fought for the women’s rights. She played an instrumental role in the fight for social equality. At the beginning of her career, she started as an abolitionist together with her husband who was a reformist. Despite being a woman, she liked to excel in the males dominated fields as a way of encouraging her fellow women to break away from certain roles that were deemed for women. Women could tackle men’s role equally well as men. She was an active member of the abolitionists, temperance as well as women’s rights movements. Besides tackling women’s voting issues, she as well advocated other issues such as birth control, parental and custody rights for women, employment and income rights, family rights, property rights as well as matters regarding women in case of divorce (Stanton 1898).  Elizabeth Stanton was a champion in the fight for the rights women. She was fearless and played a critical role at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention. She contributed heavily to the Declaration of Sentiments.   Elizabeth Stanton led the National Suffrage Association up to 1900 from 1892 (Buhle and Buhle 1978).

Elizabeth Stanton Life History

Elizabeth was the 8th child in her family of 11 members. She was controversial from an early age by showing extreme interest in male-dominated fields. Her father influenced her to join the fields of law and activism. She was a graduate of the Union College in 1832. During her marriage vows, she omitted the word obey. Elizabeth had two daughters who she named after her sisters Harriot and Margaret. She joined activism at an early age of 17. She rose to be a prominent activist in matters pertaining to civil rights and suffrage. Initially, she was an abolitionist alongside her husband and later embarked on women issues such as family rights, women property rights, and matters relating to voting rights. Her interests in women’s rights came around after realizing how much women were marginalized in matters of employment, property rights, and the custodian over their children in cases of divorce. This shaped her into a feminist and a women’s rights activist in order to change the married women’s plight. Elizabeth played an instrumental role in the organization of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 which was the first event to bring women from all over the world together. She later came up with the National Women’s Loyal League in 1963 together with Anthony B. Elizabeth Stanton took an important part in facilitating the achievement of the universal suffrage through the 19th Amendment eventual passage. Due to her tough stand on women reproductive health and liberal divorce laws, she eventually became marginalized in her late life career as an activist. At around 1870, she had formed the National Woman Suffrage Association that played a big role towards the achievement of the voting right in women. She led the association for 20 years alongside Susan B. Anthony (Stanton 1898).

Elizabeth contributions to Social Equality in the United States or the world

Elizabeth took a crucial function in the organization of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848. The first one of the kind during the period. During the convention, together with other activists, they drew the Declaration of Sentiments (Stanton 1898).  Her major contribution concerns the issues of gender equality and women suffrage. She continuously lectured and wrote about women rights in her lifetime. During the civil war era, Elizabeth had actively fought against slavery. Later long in her life, she concentrated on women issues only. She was among the founders of National Woman Suffrage Association. She led the association for 20 years. She wrote History of Woman Suffrage initial three volumes. Together with her daughter Harriet Blatch, they wrote The Woman’s Bible. A two-volume publication that was highly criticized (Stanton, Anthony, and DuBois 1981).

Lessons learned from Elizabeth Stanton legacies

Elizabeth made a legacy on issues to do with gender equality and slavery abolition. She contributed immensely towards the 19th amendment of the US constitution.  Elizabeth Cady Stanton emerged as a critical individual who played an important role in shaping the American history until her death in 1902.

 

References

Buhle P. and Buhle M. 1978. The concise history of woman suffrage: Selections from the             classic work of Stanton, Anthony, Gage, and Harper. University of Illinois Press.

Stanton, E.C., 1993. The woman’s Bible. Upne.

Stanton E. 1898. Eighty years and more: Reminiscences, 1815-1897. UPNE.

Stanton E. Anthony and DuBois E. 1981. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony,           Correspondence, Writings, Speeches. Schocken.

Review the Healthit.gov website at http://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/your-mobile-device-and-health-information-privacy-and-security.

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BUDGET PROJECT PART 6

Following my financial fitness reflection, I have realized that I need to be more realistic while planning for my future. I have to be more conservative in spending and budgeting for my life. As much as this is a pessimistic approach, I am very optimistic. However, I prefer to live within my means instead of being heavily dependent on debts. I will also start saving early for my retirement as well as paying back my student loan.

Currently, I do not have much to spend. However, according to my plans, my first income from employment was to fund my expenses on good furniture, car, designer clothing, and other classic household items as well as several trips on holiday to enjoy my new life. But my financial fitness reflection demands that I start my life on a low note. According to Chen & Volpe (1998), it is wise to Spend income on assets that appreciate instead of the depreciating ones.

Assuming that I will find my dream job after finishing my college education, I will be able to live well during my first year after graduation. I will afford most of the things that I desire. However, to be on the safe side, I have made a rather conservative projection because a good job is not guaranteed. In so doing, I have minimized my expenses to be on the safe side. I will not make unnecessary purchases. My lifestyle will be moderate because I may not afford a luxurious life due to the modest salary at the initial stages of my career.

The significant changes that I will make are to adjust my lifestyle to match with the income that I will be generating at that moment. My projected lifestyle is only speculative. Therefore, the adjustments after graduation will be in line with the actual income that I will be making.

The kind of adjustments that I will make relates to my lifestyle expenses. In case I may find a good paying job, I will live a highly luxurious life, however if I find a low paying job I have to reduce my expenses. However, either earning high or low income, I will spend a good proportion of my income in savings and investment for my future.

Individualized Education Program (IEP) Inequality in public schools Fact Sheet

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Fact Sheets are short documents that contain credible (in our case academic) information in an easy-to-read format. The goal is to give the reader a great deal of information in a condensed format. Fact Sheets are used in many professional settings to be able to communicate complex research in a simplified, while still accurate, manner to a specified (often non-academic) audience. Fact Sheets can be used for several purposes including educational, advocacy, publicity or marketing purposes.

Individualized Education Program (IEP) Inequality in public schools

 

 

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THE DEFIANT CHILD AND OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER (ODD)
• It is a constant pattern of hostility, defiance, stubbornness, and disobedience towards the seniors or those in authority among children and the minors.
  • The children require special attention at schools. This would promote equity of the disabled people in the society (Bateman & Herr, 2011).
  • The defiant child’s level of performance is lower than the ordinary child. They require teachers who fully understand them.

Characteristics and Symptoms of the ODD

•    Verbal aggression, anger, constant aggressiveness and loses temper easily.
•    Annoys people deliberately, easily irritated and often touchy
•    Argumentative especially with the adults
•    Defiance to adults or those in power and troublesome at school, home, or work
•    Make mistakes and blame others for it

How common is ODD

•    Among adolescents
•    One to six percent of minors
•    Occurs mostly in boys than in girls
•    Prevail more in preschool or the early school going minors
•    Common in children from poor backgrounds

Causes of ODD

•    Biological causes such as genetic inheritance, poor nutrition, toxins, imbalance of brain chemicals, brain impairment and mothers who abuse substance during pregnancy.
•    Psychological factors such as bad parenting and failure to process social relationships.
•    Social factors such as abuse, family instability, extreme poverty, poor bring up, abuse and neglect

Disorder conditions that coexist with ODD

•    Learning disorders and Mood Language hence the children have challenges expressing themselves in school (Bateman & Herr, 2011). The disabled Children therefore require specialized educational setting (Johnson, 2015).
•    Anxiety
•    ADHD

ODD Treatment

•    Training victims on how to solve stressful problems
•    Social skills training
•    Medication
•    Family and parent management therapy
                                  ADHD MANAGEMENT
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 •    ADHD is a brain upset condition where the victim is highly inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive. The brain disease disrupts the development of the victim.
• Equality of opportunity is a big challenge to the children with disabilities in schools and colleges (Gamoran, 2001).
•    In the US, Children diagnosed with ADHD have been increasing to 11% in 2011
•    The American Psychiatric Association indicates the prevailing rate of children with ADHD is about 5% of all the children in the US
  • ADHD victims should be admitted in special schools where they are taught by professionals who are aware of their conditions (Bateman & Herr, 2011).

 

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Management

•    The restructuring of environment and behavioral therapy like psychotherapy and working memory training
•    Behavioral parent training (BPT) as well as behavioral classroom management (BCM) such as psychosocial treatments
  • Provision of customized services and resources to the needy ADHD students such as welfare, transportation, and health (Goodman & Bond, 2003).
•    Medication regimen such as stimulants
•    Pharmacotherapy by the use of stimulants and other medications

 

 

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RAISING A CHILD WITH AUTISM
•    Autism is a mental upset condition where the victim mostly children are unable to express themselves properly as well as interacting well with their peers by the use of language or other abstract concepts.
•    Approximately one out 68 children in the US is detected with an ASD
•    The prevalence of Autism is higher in boys than in girls
  • Students with the condition require special attention and facilities. However, the facilities are not available in many public schools in the US (Myers & Johnson, 2007).

Characteristics of Autism

•    Unusual social development
•    A third of the victims have challenges in communication
•    Repetitive behaviors

Management

•    Medication: This involves the use of drugs to alter the victims’ physiology. It is applied to victims who have irritability, seizures, hyperactivity, and sleep disturbances or any other social behavior that might be harm to them.
•    Alternative medicine such as early intensive behavioral intervention, Communication interventions, Computer-assisted therapy, Relationship development intervention, Environmental enrichment, Music and Parent-mediated interventions (Goodman & Bond, 2003; Liasidou, 2014).


References

Bateman D.B and Herr, C.M (2011), Writing Measurable IEP Goals and Objectives. Attainment Company Inc. United States.

Goodman, J. F., & Bond, L. (2003). The Individualized Education Program A Retrospective          Critique. The Journal of Special Education, 26(4), 408-422.

Gamoran, A. (2001). American Schooling and Educational Inequality: A Forecast for the 21 st Century. American Sociological Association

Johnson, E. S. (2015). Increasing Rural Special Education Teacher Candidates’ Ability to Implement Evidence-Based Practices: A Program Description of the Boise State University TATERS Program. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 34(1), 5-9.

Liasidou, A. (2014). Critical disability studies and socially just change in higher education. British Journal of Special Education, 41(2), 120-135.

Myers, S. M., & Johnson, C. P. (2007). Management of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 120(5), 1162-1182.